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THE 

AMERICAN TRAVELLER; 



OR 



THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. 

CONTAINING 
BRIEF NOTICES OF THE SEVERAL 

STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS, 
CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. 

WITH 

EatltB of MutunttUy 

BY STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES, 

The whole 

AlphaheticaUy arranged, with direct Reference to the 

accompanying Map of the. Roads, Canals, 

and .Railways of the United States, 

^ 

SECOND EDITION. 



By H. S. tanner. 



PHILADELPHIA 



PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, SHAKSFEARB 
BUILDINGS. 

18 3 6. 






r^ 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1836, 

By H. S. Tanner, 

In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



^f^/ 



PREFACE. 



m 



Brevity being an essential quality in a book designed for 
the pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody 
within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and 
as much useful information, as a due regard to the leading 
object of the present work would admit. I have therefore 
omitted all such details and extraneous matters, as would on- 
ly serve to augment the size of the volume, without produc- 
ing a corresponding increase of utility. The work will 
accordingly be found to consist of little else than very con- 
cise statements of such facts in relation to the several states, 
their population, number of counties, area, forms of govern- 
ment, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, «Stc. as would 
be most likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of 
the traveller. 

Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an 
account, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes 
from each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, 
Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to 
place, carefully noted. 

A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity, in 
or near the larger towns, will also be found under the head 
of each. 

With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United 
States, the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather 
more into details that in the other parts of the work. 

Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have 
drawn up from the most authentic sources, accounts of 
those works which will be found under the heads of the 
respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, 
points of commencement and termination, and such other 
facts, as are considered important in reference to the 
general system of internal improvements in our country. 



( iv ) 

The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all 
the leading towns, roads, canals, &c. with the distances 
from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. 
The numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by 
the intersecting lines of latitude and longitude, refer to cor- 
responding numbers in the descriptive volume. 

By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for 
in the other can be found with great facility. 

In addition to the information contained in the body of 
the map ; there are appended to the same sheet, the following 
supplementary maps, plans, &c. — 1. Environs of Boston. 
2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 
5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City 
of Washington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston, 
a Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. 10. Of the falls of Nia- 
gara. 11. Of Albany. 12. Of Pottsville, Pa. 13. Pittsburg, 
14. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. 
Of Louisville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional 
plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Phil- 
adelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite 
|he description of each of those places in the volume. 

H. S. TANNER, 



THE 

AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c. 

EXPLANATION. 

To find the position of any place on the map, observe the num- 
ber in brackets, thus, (100,) immediately succeeding the name in 
the volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map, and 
within the rhomb containing that number, the place sought for 
will be found. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, 
figures which refer to the index ; thus reciprocally tending to faci- 
litate their use and application, one to the other. 

Abreviations. Me. Maine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. Ver- 
mont. Mass. Massachusetts. R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connec- 
ticut. N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. 
D. Delaware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia. N. C. North Ca- 
rolina. S.C. South Carolina. G. Gorgia. F.Florida. Al. Al- 
abama. Miss. Mississippi. L. Louisiani. Ark. Arkansis. Ten. 
Tennessee. K. Kentucky. Mo. Missouri. II. Illinois. In. In- 
diamia. Mic. Michigan. O.Ohio. Can. Canada. C. H. Court-house. 
R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is given, 
according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise expressed. 

The great leading roads can be found by referring to the cities 
and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if the road 
from Washington to New Orleans, be required, turn to the article 
"Washington," where will be found the route to Richmond Va. 
then to that of "Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, 
and so on. 



ABB ALA 

Abbot's Town, Pa. (155.) Alabama River, (299.) 
Adcocks, N. C. (236.) 

Alabama, state of, (247,) is divided into forty-six coun- 
ties, and contained in 1830, a population of 300,527, in- 
cluding 117,549 slaves. Area 52,000 square miles. Capital, 
Tuscaloosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30° 41'. Long. 11° 
12' W. General election, first Monday in August. Legis- 
lature meet, fourth Monday in October. Constitution 
formed, 1819. 

1* 



O ALABAMA. 

GovernmenL — The Governor is elected for two years ; 
salary $2,000. Secretary of State, Treasurer and Comp- 
troller of Public Accounts; — salary of each $1,000. 

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in two 
branches^ a Senate and House of Representatives, which 
together are styled the General Assembly of the State of 
Alabama. 

The representatives are elected annually, and are appor- 
tioned among the different counties in proportion to the 
white population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, 
nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three 
years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their 
number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one- 
fourth the number of the representatives. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme 
court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the 
General Assembly may, from time to time, direct or estab- 
lish. The Judges, are elected by joint votes of both houses 
of the General Assembly, every six years. 

The supreme court consists of seven Judges ; and the 
state is divided into seven Circuits, in each of which a judge 
of the Supreme Court presides as a circuit judge. The 
salary of each of these judges is $1,750. 

Physical Structure. — In the nortliern part of Alabama, 
mountains of considerable elevation occur between the val- 
ley of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tombec- 
bee, Black Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of 
oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, &lc. The central and 
southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute of moun- 
tains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products 
of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but 
insterspersed with pine, which increases towards the south, 
forming, with the long leaved-pine, cypress, gum, swamp, 
oak, holly, &c. the immense forest which still exists there. 

Rivers. — Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Ca- 
hawba, Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattaliooche, &c. 

Productions. — Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and 
sugar. 

Gold has been found in the northern part of this 
state. 



ALBANY. 



Internal Improvements. — Consist of a Rail-road now in 
progress, from Decatur in Morgan Co. to a point 10 miles 
below Tuscumbia, on the Tennessee. Length, 62 miles. 
Huntsville Canal, from Triana, on the Tennessee, to the 
town of Huntsville, 16 miles in length. 

A canal has been commenced, extending from the head 
of the muscle shoals to Florence, length 37 miles. Other 
improvements are contemplated. 

Principal Towns. Mobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tus- 
caloosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, &c. 
Alaqua, Fl. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.) 

Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C. 

Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.) 

aia, (304.) Albion, II. (166.) 

Albany, N. Y. (83.) Capital of the state of New York, 
contains a population of about 35,000. The principal 
buildings are : the Capital in State street. Academy in 
which the lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. 
City Hall near the capitol, and about 20 churches, some of 
which are handsome edifices ; theatre, museum, public 
library, several banks, &c. The canal pier, and basin, 
deserve particular attention. 

ROUTES FROM ALBANY. 

To New York by 
Boat. 

Coeymans, 
Coxackie, 
Hudson, 
^Catskill, 
(thence to Pine Orch 

ard 14 miles.) 
Red Hook Landing, 
Kingston, 
Hyde Park, 
Pokeepsie, 
Newburg, 
West Point, 
Peekskill, 



tbteam 

Miles. 




13 


7 


20 


8 


28 


6 


34 


11 


45 


10 


55 


10 


65 


5 


70 


15 


85 


8 


93 


10 1031 



Singsing, 


10 113 


Phillips burg, 


16 129 


New York, 


16 145 


To Buffalo by Erie 


Canal. 


Troy, 


7 


Junction, 


2 9 


Schenectady, 


19 28 


Amsterdam, 


18 46 


Schoharie Cr. 


7 53 


Caughnawaga, 


4 57 


Canajoharie, 


12 69 


Little Falls, 


19 88 


Herkimer, 


7 95 


Frankfort, 


5 100 


Utica, 


10 110 



ROUTES FROM ALBANY. 



Whitesboro, 


4 114 


Manchester, 


9 105 


Rome, 


11 125 


Vernon, 


8 113 


New London, 


7 132 


Lenox, 


9 122 


Canistota, 


14 146 


Sullivan, 


8 130 


New Boston, 


4 150 


Manlius, 


6 136 


Chitteningo, 


4 154 


West Hills, 


12 148 


Manlius, 


8 162 


Skaneateles, 


14 162 


Syracuse, 


9 171 


Auburn, 


7 169 


Geddesburg", 


2 173 


Cayuga, 


9 178 


Canton, 


12 185 


Waterloo, 


8 186 


Jordan, 


6 191 


Geneva, 


6 192 


Weedsport, 


6 197 


Canandaigua, 


16 208 


Montezuma, (Lake 




Bloomfield, 


9 217 


Port) 


9 206 


Lima, 


9 226 


Clyde, 


11 217 


Avon, 


7 233 


Lyons, 


9 226 


Caledonia, 


8 241 


Lockville, 


6 232 


Leroy, 


6 247 


Palmyra, 


9 241 


Batavia, 


10 257 


Fairport, 


11 252 


Pembroke, 


14 271 


Pittsford, 


8 260 


Ransom's Grove, 


8 279 


Rochester, 


10 270 


Williamsville, 


8 287 


Ogden, 


12 282 


Buffalo, 


10 297 


Adams, 


3 285 






Brockport, 


5 290 


To Ithaca, by 


Stage. 


Holly, 


5 295 


Hamilton, 


8 


Albion, 


10 305 


Duanesburg, 


12 20 


Lockport, 


28 333 


Esperance, 


6 26 


Pendleton, 


7 340 


Beekmansville, 


19 45 


Tonnewanta, 


12 352 


Cherry Valley, 


7 52 


Buffalo, 


11 363 


Cooperstown, 


12 64 






Burlington, 


10 74 


To Buffalo, hy Stage. 


Smyrna, 


20 94 


Schnectady, by R. R. 16 


Deruyter, 


21 115 


Amsterdam, 


16 32 


Truxtun, 


10 125 


Caughnawaga, 


11 43 


Cortlandt, 


13 138 


Palatine Bridge, 


11 54 


Ithaca, 


21 159 


Manheim, 


13 67 






Little Falls, 


7 74 


To Sackefs Harbour hy 


Herkimer, 


7 81 


Stage. 




Utica, 


15 96 


Utica, 


96 



ROUTES PROM ALBANY. 



Rome, 


16 112 


Fort Edward, 


8 46 


Fish Creek, 


11 


123 


Sandy Hill, 


3 49 


Redfield, 


20 


143 


Kingsbury, 


5 54 


Lorain, 


16 


150 


Fort Ann, 


4 58 


Adams, 


8 


167 


Whitehall, 


14 72 


Sacket's Harbor, 


10 


177 












To Montreal, by Stage and 


To Ballston and Saratoga by 


Steam Boat 




Rail Roa( 


J. 




Whitehall, as above, 


72 


Schenectady, 




16 




' Ticonderoga, 


23 95 


Ballston, 


14 


30 




Crown Point, 


14 109 


Saratoga, 


6 


36 


rf 


Basin Harbor, 


12 121 


(thence to Lake 


George 


o 

pq 


Essex, 


9 130 


32 miles.) 






1 


Burlington, 


15 145 








S. Hero, 


9 154 


To Whitehall, by Champlain 


^ 


Plattsburg, 


8 162 


Canal. 








Chazy 


14 176 


Troy, 




7 




Isle au Noix, 


15 191 


Junction, 


2 


9 




^ St. Johns, 


9 200 


Waterford, 


2 


11 


La Prairie, by Stage 


, 17 217 


Mechanicsville, 


8 


19 


Montreal, by Steam 




Stillwater, 


4 


23 


Boat, 


8 225 


Bemus Heights, 


3 


26 






Schuylersville, 


9 


35 


To Burlington, 


Vt., via 


Fort Miller, 


5 


40 


Bennington, Middlebu- 


Fort Edward, 


8 


48 


ry, Sfc. by Stage 


. 


Kingsbury, 


5 


53 


Sand Lake, 


11 


Fort Ann, 


7 


60 


Berlin, 


10 21 


Narrows, 


€ 


66 


Warm Spring, 


8 29 


Whitehall, 


6 


72 


Pownall, 
Bennington, 


4 33 

8 41 


To Whitehall, by Stagi 




Shafts bury. 


8 49 


Troy, 




" 6 


Sunderland, 


8 57 


Lansingburg, 


3 


9 


Manchester, 


8 65 


Waterford, 


1 


10 


Tin mouth. 


18 83 


Mechanicsville, 


8 


18 


Rutland, 


17 100 


Stillwater, 


2 


20 


Pittsford, 


8 108 


Schuylersville, 


13 


33 


Brandon, 


9 117 


Northumberland, 


2 


35 


Middlebury, 


16 133 


Fort Miller, 


3 


38 


Verg 


i-ennes, 


14 147 



10 



ALB 



ARR 



Charlotte, 




9 


156 


Northampton, 


14 74 


Burlington, 




13 


169 


Hadley, 
Belchertown, 


4 78 
10 88 


To Boston, 


by Stage. 




Western, 


14 102 


Union, 






11 


Brookfield, 


5 107 


Lebanon Spring, 


14 


25 


Spencer, 


8 115 


Pittsfield, 




7 


32 


Worcester, 


9 124 


Dalton, 




5 


37 


Farmington, 


21 145 


Peru, 




9 


46 


Brookline, 


17 162 


Worthington, 




9 


55 


Boston, 


4 169 


Chesterfield, 




5 


60 







Alboro Bay, U. C. (75.) 
Aldie, Va.076.) 
Allegheny R. Pa. (103.) 
Allegheny Portage Rail R. 

see Pennsylvania, (130.) 
Allentown P'a. (133.) 
Alligator Pt. Fl. (328.) 



Alexandria, N. Y. (34.) 
Alexandria, Me. (42.) 
Alexandria, II. (93.) 
Alexandria, Pa. (128.) 
Alexandria, Mo. (142.) 
Alexandria Canal, see 
lumbia, (176.) 



Co- 



Alexandria, D. C. (176.) A neat and pleasant city and 
port of entry, on the right bank of the Potomac, occupies 
the southern angle of the District of Columbia. Popula- 
tion about 9,000. The public buildings are, a Court house, 
six churches, two banks, &c. 

(For routes from Alexandria, see Washington, D. C.) 



Alexandria, L. (294.) 
Alfred, Me. (63.) 
Alton, II. (163.) 
Alston, S. C. (274.) 
Amboy, N. J. (134.) 
America, II. (185.) 
Amesville, O. (151.) 
Amhurst,U. C. (74.) 
Amhurst, N. H. (85.) 
Amhurst C. H. Va. (195.) 
Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.) 
Amelial., F. (318.) 
Amoskeag Canal, See New 
Hampshire, (62.) 



Alachua, F. (315.) 
Anastatia I. F. (330.) 
Annapolis, Md. (Capital of 

the State), (177.) 
Andover, Mass. (85.) 
Ann Arbour, Mich. (73.) 
Antwerp, N.Y. (34.) 
Andersonville, S. C. (252.) 
Angelica, N. Y. (78.) 
Anson, Me. (40.) 
Appalachie Bay, F. (327.) 
Applington, G. (271.) 
Arringtons, N. C. (216.) 



JLRKAXSAS. 11 

Arkansas territory, (220,) is divided into 30 counties. 
Population in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves. Area, 
60,700 square miles. Capital, Little Rock. Metropolis, 
Arkansas. Lat. 34° N. Long. 14° 21' W. The officers of 
the government are appointed by the President and Senate 
of the ITnited States. 

Government. — The Governor is appointed by the Presi- 
dent, by and with the censentof the Senate, — salary, $2,000 
per annum ; Secretary, do. — salary, $1,000 per annum. 

There is a legislative Council consisting of five mem- 
bers; and a House of Representatives comprising twenty- 
three members, who are elected biennially, on the first 
Monday in August ; and they meet in the following Octo- 
ber. 

Judiciary. — There are four Judges, appointed by the 
President, with the consent of the Senate. They hold 
Circuit Courts throughout the territory. The salary of 
each is $1,500. There is an Attorney and a Marshal for 
the United States. 

Physical Structure. — In the eastern part of the Territory, 
it is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, 
hills begin to show themselves, and further west the country 
becomes mountainous, though level and elevated plains of 
considerable extent occur between the ridges. 

Rivers. — Arkansas, St. Francis, White, Washita, Red, 
&c. 

Productions. — Cotton, Corn, Wheat ; the Peach, Grape, 
Plum, and some other fruits flourish in great abundance. 

Towns. — Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Fran- 
cis, Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, Lewisburg, Helena, 
Jefferson, Scotia, &c. 

Arkansas River, Ark. (242.) Asheville, Ala. (267.) 

Arkansas, Ark. (243.) Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.) 

Arlington, Vt. (60.) Atchafalaya Bay, Lou. (322.) 

Armagh, P. (129.) Athens, P. (106.) 

Ash, Va. (176.) Athens, O. (150.) 

Assateague I., Md. (178.) Athens, II. (164.) 

Asheville, N. C. (232.) Athens, T. (230.) 

Ashboro, N. C. (235.) Athens, Ala, (247.) 



12 



ATH 



BALliSTON. 



Athens, G. (270.) 
Atkins, Va. (2] 3.) 
Atlas, II. (142.) 
Auburn, N. Y. (80.) 
Augusta, K. (170.) 
Augusta, Miss. (297.) 
Augusta, G. (272.) 
Aurora, N. Y. (80.) 



Aurora, II. (145.) 
Aurora, O. (101.) 
Austenville, Va. (214.) 
Autauga, Ala. (284.) 
Averysboro, N. C. (236.) 
Avon, Me. (39.) 
Avon, N. Y. (79.) 



B. 



Balcony Falls Canal, see 

Virginia, (195.) 
Balize, Lou. (325.) 



Back Bay, Va. (219.) 
Bainbridge, O. (149.) 
Bainbridge, G. (303.) 

Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have 
long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are 
resorted to by many invalids and others. The waters re- 
semble those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impreg- 
nated with the mineral ingredients. There are several 
good Hotels and private Boarding Houses, Reading Rooms, 
&c. in the village, which is justly regarded as one of the 
most pleasant and salubrious places of resort in the country ► 

ROUTES FROM BALLSTON. 



Waterford, by Stage, 
Glenn's Falls, 
Lake George, 



22 
25 
38 



Saratoga Springs, 6 

Saratoga Lake, 6 

Schenectady, by Rail R. 14 

Albany, » 30 

Ballsville, Va. (196.) 

Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief eity in Maryland^ 
and the third in point of population in the United States. 
It occupies a favourable position and appears to much ad- 
vantage on approaching it from the west. The country 
immediately in the rear swells into hills, sufficiently eleva- 
ted to afford an extensive view of the city and its environs, 
and to render the entire landscape particularly attractive. 
Population in 1830, 80,625. The objects most worthy of 
attention, are Washington Monument, at the intersection of 
Charles and Monument Streets ; it is surmounted by a cola-- 



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Cathedral 

TTiiitarlan Church 

St.Peter's Do. 

St. Patrick's Bo. 

St.raitVs Do. 

Trinitv Do. 

Christ's . JJo. 

Fresbvterian Do. 
JO Methodist Do. 
n German Luth. Do. 
12 Bafttist Do. 



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3 29 
6 35 



9 55 

4 59 



Sykes, 

Gillets run, 

Parrsville, 

New Market, 

Monocacy river, 

Frederick, 
(Thence to the Pt. of 
- Rocks, 11 miles.) 
Middletown, 
Boonsboro, 
(Thence to Hagers- 

tovvn 11 miles.) 
Williamsport, 
Big Spring, 
Hancock, 
Prattsville, 

l' Cumberland, 

Mt. Pleasant, 

Petersburg, 

Smythfield,) 

Union, 

Brownsville, 

Hillsboro, 

Washington, 

W. Alexandria, 15 263 
L Wheeling, 16 279 



^ 



12 87 
10 97 

17 114 

18 132 
21 153 

10 163 
25 188 

4 192 
21 213 
12 225 

11 236 

12 248 



Baltimore and Ohio Rail 
Road. See Maryland, 
(156.) 

Baltimore and Susquehanna 
Rail Road. See Mary- 
land, (156.) 

Baltimore and Port Deposit 
Rail Road. See Mary- 
land, (156.) 

Baltimore and Washington 
R. Road. See Md. (156.) 



To Frederick by Stage. 

EUicotls, 10 

Lisbon, 12 22 

Poplar Spring, 5 27 

Parrsville, 4 31 

New Market, 5 36 

Frederick, U 47 

To Annopolis, by Stage. 
Patapsco R. 7 

Indian Landing, 14 21 

Annapolis, 9 30 

To Gettysburg, Pa, by Stage. 
Hook ton, 6 

Reisterton, 11 17 

Westminster, 12 29 

Petersburg, 15 44 

Gettysburg, 10 54 



To York, Pa. by Stage. 

Govanston, 5 

Towsenton, 2 7 

Golden Ho. ' 7 14 

Hereford, 7 21 

Wisebury, 2 23 

Stras.burg, 11 34 

York, 14 48 



Bangor, Me. (41.) 
Banister, Va. (216.) 
Barataria Bay, Lou. (323.) 
Barataria Lake, Lou. (323.) 
Barbourville, K. (211.) 
Bardstown, K. (189.) 
Bargaintown, N. J. (158.) 
Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.) 
Barnesville, O. (151.) 
Barnstable, Mass. (112.) 
Barnwell,S. C. (272.) 



BAR 



BER 



15 



Batavia, N. Y. (55.) 
Bartonville,Mo. (162.) 
Batesville, Ark. (223.) 
Bath, N. Y. (79.) 
Bath Rail Road. See New 

York, (79.) 
Bath, Va. (154.) 
Bath, N. C. (238.) 
Baton Rouge, Lou. (308.) 
Bays T., N. C (231.) 
Beaufort, N. C. (258.) 
Beans Station,'!. (2ll.) 
Beaver, P. (128.) 
Beaufort, S. C. (290.) 
Beardstown, II. (118.) 
Beck's Settlement, II. (144) 
Bedford, N. Y. (109.) 
Bedford, P. (130.) 
Bellair, Md. (156.) 
Belle Fontaine, O. (125.) 
Belleville, II. (164.) 
Bellville K. (187.) 
Bellefonte, P. (131.) 
Belfast, Me. (40.) 
Belfont, Ala. (248.) 
Belgrade, II. (186.) 
Beelersville, F, (312.) 
Bellows Falls Canal. See 

Vermont, (61.) 
Belmont, P. (107.) 
Belpre, 0.(151.) 
Belvedere, N. J. (133.) 
Bennetville, S. C. (255.) 
Bennington, Vt. (83.) 
Benton, Vt. (60.) 
Benton, Mo. (185.) 
Benton, Miss. (280.) 
Berkshire, Vt. (37.) 
Berlin, P. (154.) 
Berges, N. C. (236.) 



Berwick, P. (106.) 
Berkshire, O. (126.) 
Bertrand, Lou. (277.) 
Bethany, P. (107.) 
Bethania, N. C. (214.) 
Bethlehem, P. (133.) 
Beverly, Va. (173.) 
Big Hatchee, R. T. (225.) 
Bird, N. C. (273.) 
Big Spring, K. (188.) 
B. la Fourche, Lou. (323.) 
Binghamton, N. Y. (81.) 
Blacksburg, Mich. (70.) 
Blacksburg, Va. (194.) 
-Black's R. Ark. (204.) 
Black's Bluff, Ala. (299.) 
Blackwater, Va. (218.) 
Blakely, G. (301.) 
Blakely, Ala. (311.) 
Blandford, Mass. (84.) 
Blockl., R. L (111.) 
Bloomfield, N. Y. (79.) 
Bloomfield,K. (189.) 
Bloomfield, Ind. (146.) 
Bloomington, Ind. (146.) 
Blountville, T. (2] 2.) 
Blountsville, Ala. (248.) 
Boardman, O. (102.) 
Boat Yard, or Kingsport, 

T. (212.) 
Bogue Inlet, N. C. (257.) 
Bolivar, Miss. (265.) 
Bolivar, T. (226.) 
Bolton, Mass. (85.) 
Boonville, N. Y. (58.) 
Boonviile, Mo. (161.) 
Boonsville, Ind, (166.) 
Bordentown, N. J. (134.) 
Boston, Me. (19.) 



BALTIMORE. 



13 



sal statue of Washington, elevated 163 feet. Battle Monu- 
ment in Calvert street. Exchange in Gay street. City 
Spring in Calvert street. Penitentiary on Madison street. 
Hospital in the N. W. suburbs. Cathedral ; Custom House; 
two Colleges ; University buildings ; Alms House ; Court 
House; two Theatres.;, Museum ; Water Works, &c. &c. 

ROUTES FROM BALTIMORE. 



To Philadelphia by S. Boat 

and Rait Road. 
Fort M'Henry, 3 

Sparrows Pt. 6.9 

North Pt. 3 12 

Pool's Island, 13 25 

Turkey Pt. 23 48 

Frenchtown, 16 64 

N. Castle, by R. R. 16 80 
Chester, by S. Boat, 17 97 
Philadelphia, 18 115 



To Philadelphia by Steam 
Boat and Canal. 
Turkey Pt. as above, 

'Bohemia, 
.-5 Deep Cut, 
c ^ St. Georges, 
O Delaware City, 

^New Castle, 
Philadelphia, 



10 
5 
4 
5 
6 

35 



48 
58 
63 
67 
72 
78 
113 



To Philadelphia by Stage. 

Gunpowder V. 14 

Abingdon, 10 24 

Havre De Grace, 10 34 

Elkton, 16 50 

Wilmington, 20 70 

Chester, 13 83 

Philadelphia, 15 98 



To Washington by Stage. 
Elkridge Landing, 8 

Waterloo, 5 13 

Vansville, 10 23 

Bladensburg, 8 31 

Washington, 6 37 



To Washington 
Boat. 
Bodkin Pt. 
Herring Bay, 
Patuxent, 
Pt. Lookout, 
Washington's B. ] 
Matthews Pt 
Cook's Ferry, 
Mt. Vernon, 
Alexandria, 
Washington, 



by Steam 



32 
32 

20 



13 

45 

77 
97 



31 128 

18 146 
23 169 

18 187 
9 196 
8 204 



To Wheeling, Va. by Rail 
Road and Stage. 
f Deep Cut, 2 

. I Washington road, 3 5 
"g j Still house run, 1 6 
Patapsco river, 4 10 
Ellicotts, 2 12 

Eagle Factory, 2 14 
Crossing of Pa- 
tapsco, 15 26 



^i 



Pi 



16 BOSTON. 

Bellows Falls Canal. See Virginia, (176.) 

Vermont, (61.") Blackstone Canal. See Mas- 

Belleplain Rail Road. See sachuselts, (85.) 

Boston, Mass. (85.) Is the chief city of Massachusetts, 
and the fourth in magnitude in the United States. It is sit- 
uated on a peninsula, which extends in a north-east direc- 
tion from the main land, with which it is connected by seve- 
ral bridges, in addition to " the neck" so called. Its outline 
is about five miles in extent. There are several thriving 
villages in the neiglibourhood of Boston, which may be 
considered as parts of the city, though under different 
municipal regulations. 

The principal of these villages, are Charleston, Lechmere 
point, the Neck, and South Boston. The objects of interest, 
in and about Boston, are — Tremont house, in Common st., 
an immense hotel containing 202 apartments. State house, 
opposite the common, (western part of the city). Old State 
house. Court street. Faneuel hall, in Chatham St. Theatre, 
Federal street. Tremont Theatre. Atheneum. Statue of 
Washington in the state-house. Navy Yard, and Breed's 
hill, rendered memorable by the battle between the British 
and American forces, on the 17th of June, 1775, commonly 
called the battle of Bunker's Hill. 

Besides the buildings devoted to public uses, there is in 
Boston, an unusual proportion of splendid private dwellings, 
churches, and scientific and literary institutions, forming 
altogether, one of the most attractive places in the Union. 

ROUTES FROM BOSTON. 



To Albany by Stage. 
Brookline, 


4 


Chesterfield, 
Peru, 


14 106 
14 120 


Farmingham, 


17 


21 


Dalton, 


9 129 


Westboro, 


10 


31 


Pittsfield, 


5 134 


Worcester, 


11 


42 


Lebanon Springs, 


7 141 


Spencer, 
Brookfield, 


9 

8 


51 

59 


Albany, 


25 166 


Belchertown, 
Hadley, 


19 
10 


78 
88 


To Hartford., by Stage. 
Brookline, 4 


Northampton, 


4 


92 


Dover, 


11 15 








^irssd Sadp. 



V-' 




\ 





■^ 






'ill -C-' 

'\/\/A 







x\^^^>r:^-^2?{^s;-^ 






1 'TS>-^ / 









4'/-^' 



■^^ 



^s-^^l^. 



■'^ 




EOUTES FROM BOSTON. 



17 



Medway, 12 27 


Taunton, 


12 34 


Mcndon, 9 36 






Douglass, 12 48 


To Barnstable, 


by Stage. 


Thompson, 14 62 


Quincy, 


9 


Ashford, 20 82 


Weymouth, 


6 15 


Willington, 2 84 


Hanover, 


9 24 


Tolland, 7 91 


Kingston, 


11 35 


Ellington, 5 96 


Plymouth, 


6 41 


Hartford 14 110 


Sandwich, 


18 59 




Barnstable, 


13 62 


Tq Provtidence by Stage, and 






thence to Ncid York by 


To Rutland, Vt. 


by Stage. 


Steam Boat. 


Cambridge, 


4 


Roxbury, 5 


Concord, 


14 18 


Dedham, 5 10 


Groton, 


14 32 


Wrentham, 18 28 


Townsend, 


9 41 


Attleboro, 7 35 


New Ipswich, 


12 53 


Pawtucket, 7 42 


Keene, 


27 8lj 


Providence, 3 45 


Bellows Falls, 


20 100 


Pawtuxet, 5 50 


Chester, 


13 113 


Newport, 20 70 


Cavendish, 


12 125 


Point Judith, 14 84 


Rutland, 


26 151 


Ne w London Harb. 35 119 






(Thence to New London, 


To Concord, N. H. and 


4 miles.) 


thence to Monpelier, Vt. 


Connecticut R. 14 133 


by Stagt 


?. 


Falkner's Is. 19 152 


Medford, 


6 


New Haven Harb. 12 164 


Stoneham, 


4 10 


(Thence to N. Haven, 


Andover, 


11 21 


4 miles.) 


Methuen, 


4 25 


Blackrock, 19 183 


Londonderry, 


16^1 


South port, 5 188 


Hook set Falls, 


19 60 


Oldwell, 8 196 


Concord, 


8 68 


West Greenwich, 16 212 


Boscawen, 


10 78 


Frogs Pt. 19 231 


Andover, Vt. 


14 92 


New York, 16 247 


Grantham, 


22 114 




Dartmouth Col. 


11 125 


To Taunton^ by Stage. 


Stratford, 


16 141 


Dorchester, 7 


Chelsea, 


9 150 


Bridgewater, IS 22 

9. 


Barre, 


15 165 



18 



BOS 



BRf 



Montpelier, 



9 174 



To Portland, Me. 


by Stage. 


Saugus, 


10 


Dan vers 


7 17 


Topsfield, 


6 23 


Rowley, 


8 31 


Newburyport, 


5 36 


Hampton, 


9 45 


Portsmouth, 


13 58 


York, 


9 67 


Wells, 


15 82 


Kennebunk Ft. 


6 88 


Saco, 


10 98 


Portland, 


16 114 



To Nemhuryhort, via Salem, 

by Stage, 

Chelsea, 5 

Lynn, 5 10 

Salem, 5 15 

Beverly, 2 17 

Wenham, 4 21 

Hamilton, 2 23 

Ipswich, 5 28 

Newburyport, 10 38 



To Portland, by Steam-boat. 

Point Shirley, 4 

Nahant, 6 10 

Marblehead, 6 16 

Salem Harbor, 3 19 
(Thence to Salem, 

5 miles.) 

Gloucester Harb. 8 27 
Thence to Gloucester, 

4 miles.) 

Cape Ann, 10 37 

Newbury Harb. 16 53 

Boars Head, 7 60 

Portsmouth Harb. 12 72 

York Harb. 5 77 

Kennebunk H. 12 89 

Fletcher's Neck, 12 101 

Cape Elizabeth, 13 114 

Portland, 10 124 

Miscellaneous routes by 
Steam Boats. 

Fort Warren, 2 

Fort Independence, 3 

Long Island, 6 

Pt. Alderton, lO 

The Brewsters, 10 



Boston and Loivell Rail 

Road. See Massachusetts, 

(85.) 
Boston and Providence Rail 

Road. See Massachusetts, 

(85.) 
Boston and Worcester Rail 

Road. See Massachusetts, 

(85.) 
Boston, 0.(101) 
Boston, N. Y. (78.) 
Bowling-green, Va. (176) 
Bowling-green, Mo. (141.) 



Bowling green, K. (188.) 
Bowdoinham, Me. (40.) 
Bowerbank, Me. (19) 
Bow Canal. See New Hamp- 
shire, (62.) 
Boydtown, Va. (216.) 
Brandon, Vt. (60.) 
Brandon, Miss. (280.) 
Brattleboro, Vt. (84.) 
Brasstown, N. C. (230.) 
Brashears, Miss. (280.) 
Bridge Town, Md. (157.) 
Bridgetown, N. J. (157.) 



BRI 



BUFFALO. 



19 



Bridgetown, Me. (63.) 
Bridge Town, D. (178) 
Bridgetown, Va. (198.) 
Bridgewater, Ala. (247.) 
Bristol, R. I. (111.) 
Brockport, U. C (34.) 
Brockport,N.Y. (55.) 
Brookfield, Mass. (84.) 
Brooklyn, C. (111.) 
Brooklyn,N. Y. (135.) 
Brookville, Ind. (148.) 
Brookville,Md. (156.) 
Brownington, Vt, (37.) 
Brownstown, Mich. (73.) 

Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake 
Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. 
Population about 16,000. The public buildings are a 
court-house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &c. 
Stages, stsam-boats and sailing vessels, arrive at and depart 
from Buffalo almost every hour. 

ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. 



Brownsburg, T. (225.) 
Brownsville, P. (120.) 
Brownstown, Ind. (168.) 
Brownsville, 11. (185.) 
Browns, G. (250.) 
Bruinsburg, Miss. (295.) 
Brunswick, Me. (63.) 
Brunswick, N. J. (134.) 
Brunswick, N. C. (256.) 
Bryan C. H., G. (281.) 
Buchannan, Va. (152.) 
Buckstown, Me. (41.) 
Buffalo, Va. (172.) 



To Albany by the 


Erie 


New Boston, 


12 213 


Canal. 






Canistota, 


4 217 


Tonnewanta, 




11 


Rome, 


21 238 


Pendleton, 


12 


23 


Whitesboro, 


11 249 


Lock port, 


7 


30 


Utica, 


4 253 


Albion, 


28 


58 


Herkimer, 


15 268 


Holly, 


10 


68 


Little Falls, 


7 275 


Brockport, 


5 


73 


Canajoharie, 


19 294 


Ogden, 


8 


81 


Caughnewaga, 


12 306 


Rochester, 


12 


93 


Amsterdam, 


11 319 


Fairport, 


18 


HI 


Schenectady, 


18 335 


Palmyra, 


11 


122 


Troy, 


21 356 


Lyons, 


15 


137 


Albany, 


7 363 


Montezuma, 


20 


157 






Jordan, 


15 


172 


To Albany, by Stage. 


."-Syracuse, 


20 


192 


Williamsville, 


10 


■Msinliusy 


9 201 


Ransoms, 


8 18 



20 



ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. 



Pembroke 

Batavia, 

Leroy, 

Avon, 

Lima, 

Bloomfield, 

Canandaigua, 

Geneva, 

Cayuga, 

Auburn, 

Skaneateles, 

Westhills, 

Manlius, 

Lenox, 

Vernon, 

Utica, 

Herkimer, 

Little Falls, 

Palatine Bridge, 

Amsterdam, 

Schenectada, 

Albany by Rail R. 



8 26 


To Erie, Pa. 


by Stage. 


14 40 


Hamburg, 


11 


10 50 


Catteraugus, 


19 30 


14 64 


Dunkirk, 


15 45 


7 71 


Westfield, 


15 60 


9 80 


Burget's town, 


16 76 


9 89 


Erie, 


14 90 


16 105 




— 


14 119 


To Erie, and thence to De- 


9 128 


troit by Steam Boat. 


7 135 


Cattaraugus, 


28 


14 149 


Dunkirk, 


13 41 


12 161 


Westfield, 


15 56 


14 175 


Erie, 


30 86 


9 184 


Fairport, 


74 160 


17 201 


Cleveland, 


30 190 


15 216 


Sandusky, 


60 250 


7 223 


Detroit, 


75 325 



20 243 
22 265 
16 281 
16 297 



To Niagara Falls, by Stage, 
Blackrock, 1 

Chippewa, 16 17 

Niagara Falls, 2 19 



To Niagara Falls, by Stage, 

via Manchester. 
Blackrock, 

Tonnewanta, 8 

Schlosser, 10 

The Falls, 2 



To Rochester, by Stage. 
Batavia, as above, 40 

Bergen, 13 53 

Rochester, 17 70 



To Hamilton, by Stage. 

Hamburg, 11 

Boston, 12 23 

Springville, 10 33 

ElKcottville, 16 49 

Hamilton, 20 69 

To Ithaca, by Stage. 



Aurora, 


15 


Warsaw, 


26 41 


Perry, 


8 49 


Moscow, 


7 56 


Geneseo, 


4 60 


Dansville, 


18 78 


Conhocton, 


8 86 


Bath, 


20 106 


Jersey, 


10 116 


Salubria, 


15 131 


Ithaca, 


20 151 



BUL 



CAP 



21 



To Ithaca, via Batavia and 

Cayuga Lake. 
Cayuga, as above, 119 

Union, by Steam B. 6 125 

Bull's Bay, S. C. (291.) 
Bulltown, Va. (173.) 
Burksville, K. (209.) 
Burgettstown, P. (77.) 
Burlington, Vt. (36.) 
Burlington, N. Y. (81.) 
Burlington, N. J. (134.) 
Burlington, K. (148.) 



Aurora, by Steam B. 7 132 
Milton, do. 7 139 

Ludlowsville, do. 10 149 
Ithaca, do. 8 157 

Burlington, Ind. (146.) 
Burlington, O. (171.) 
Burnthorn, Ala. (299.) 
Bushville, P. (108.) 
Butler, P. (120.) 
Buzzard's Bay, Mass. (112.) 
Byron, G. (302.) 
Byron, Mich. T. (73.) 



Cabin Pt. Va. (197.) 
Cadiz, K. (207.) 
Cadiz, O. (127.) 
Cahawba R. Ala. (267.) 
Cahawba, Ala. (283.) 
Calcasiu R. Lou. (306.) 
Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.) 
Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) 
Caledonia, Mo. (184.) 
Calhoun T. (230 ) 
Cambridge, O. (127.) 
Cambridge, Md. (177.) 
Cambridge, S. C. (253.) 
Camden, Me. (40.) 
Camden, N. J. (157.) 
Camden and Amhoy Rail 

Road. See New Jersey, 

(134.) 
Camden, S. C. (254.) 
Campbellsville, K. (189.) 
Campbells T. (230.) 
Campbells, N. C. (255.) 
Campbellton, G. (269.) 
Canandaigua, N. Y. (79.) 
Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.) 



C. 

Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.) 
Canadea, N. Y. (78.) 
Canfield, O. (102.) 
Canton, N. Y. (34.) 
Canton, Ind. (145.) 
Canton, O. (127.) 
Canton, Ala. (283.) 
Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) 
Cantweli, D. (157.) 
Cantrell's Ch. Lou. (323.) 
Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) 
C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) 
Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) 
Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) 
Cape Henlopen, D. (178.) 
Cape May, N. J. (179.) 
Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) 
Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) 
Cape Hatteras, N. C. (239.) 
Cape Charles, Va. (199.) 
Cape Henry, Va. (199.) 
Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.) 
Cape Fear, N. C. (275.) 
Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.) 
Cape St. Bias, F. (326.) 



22 



CAP 



CHARLESTON. 



Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) 
Cape St. George, F. (327,) 
Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) 
Carrolton, II. (143.) * 
Carrolton, G. (268.) 
Carlisle, Penn. (131.) 
Carlisle, Ind. (166.) 
Carlisle, K. (170.) 
Carlyle, II. (164.) 
Carmi, II. (165.) 
Carman, N. Y. (136.) 
Carnesville, G. (251.) 
Carney, G. (305.) 
Cartersville, Va. (196.) 
Carthage, N. C. (235.) 
Carthage, N. Y. (58.) 
Carthage, T. (209.) i 
Casco Bay, Me. (63.) 
Castine, Me. (41.) 
Catskill, N. Y. (83.) 
Catskill and Canajoharie R. 

Road. SeeN.Y. (82.) 
Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) 
Catletsburg, K. (171.) 
Catawba R., N. C. (233.) 
Catawba Canals. See S. 

Carolina, (254.) 
Catharinestown, N. Y. (80.) 

Charleston, S. C. (291,) the metropolis of the state of 
South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of 
population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, in- 
cluding 15,534 slaves. It is situated at the point of junc- 
tion of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and 
form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Alms- 
house in Mazyck street ; the Orphan's Asylum ; Exchange ; 
Circular Church ; Court-house and City Hall in Broad 
street; Medical College in Short street ; Academy of Arts 
and Circus in Queen street ; South Carolina Society's Hall ; 
Hospital in Back street : and about twenty churches, some 
of which are very splendid. 



Cavendish, Vt. (61.) 
Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) 
Cayuga, Lake, N. Y. (80.) 
Cedar Bay, N. J. (158.) 
Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.) 
Central Rail Road. See 

Pennsylvania, (132.) 
Centreville, O. (150.) 
Centreville, Md. (157.) 
Centreville, Va. (176.) 
Centreville, K. (187.) 
Centreville, Ala. (283.) 
Centreville, Pa. (103.) 
Centre, N. Y. (81.) • 
Centre, P. (103.) 
Ceres, P. (104.) 
Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) 
Champlain, N. Y. (36.) 
Champlain Canal. See 

New York, (60.) 
Chambersburg, P. (155.) 
Chandelleur Isles, L. (325.) 
Chaplin T., K. (209.) 
Charleston, N.H. (61.) 
Charleston, Va. (155.) 
Charleston, Ind. (168.) 
Charleston, Va. (172.) 



CHARLESTON. 

ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. 



23 



To Hamlmrs; 


Bloody Point, 


18 94 


hy S, C. Rail Road. 


Savannah. 


17 111 


To Beesville, 


15 






Sunimersville, 


6 21 


To Wilmington, N. C. via. 


Branchville, 


41 62 


Georgetown 


, 


Midway, 


10 72 


Jones', 


33 


Blacksville, 


15 87 


N. Santee R. 


12 45 


Aiken, 


32 119 


Georgetown, 


14 59 


Hamburg, 


17 136 


Gr. Pedee R. 


26 85 






Conwayboro, 


15 100 


To Columbia, by Sta^e. 


Lit. River Inlet, 


27 127 


Dorchester, 


20 


Brunswick C. H. 


24 151 


Four Holes Swamp, 17 37 


Brunswick, 


17 168 


Kerrs, 


14 51 


Old town, 


8 176 


Orangeburg, 


25 76 


Wilmington, 


8 184 


Conheim, 


25 101 






Columbia, 


13 114 


To Fayettville, N. C. 






by Stage. 




To Savannah, Ga. 


hy Stas!;e. 


Quinby Br. 


25 


Guerin's Ferry, 


ll 


Santee R. 


19 44 


Parker's, 


17 28 


Black Cr. " 


15 59 


Pocataligo, 


32 60 


Port's F. 


34 93 


Coosa whatchie, 


6 66 


L. Pedee R. 


30 123 


Hoggstown, 


17 83 


Lumberton, 


34 157 


Savannah, 


23 106 


Fayetteville, 


32 189 


To Savannah by 


Steam 


To Cheraw, by Stage. 


Boat. 




Bedheimer's 


24 


Fort Moultrie, 


4 


Monk's Corner, 


9 33 


Coffin Land, 


6 10 


Gourdine's F. 


25 58 


Stono Inlet, 


11 21 


Kingstree, 


14 72 


So. Edisto inlet, 


27 48 


Lynch's Cr. 


28 100 


St. Helena So. 


3 51 


Darlington, 


19 119 


Truneard's Inlet, 


21 72 


Society Hill, 


14 133 


Hilton Head, 


4 76 


Cheraw, 


13 146 


Chardon, O. (101.) 




Charlotte, N. C. (2340 


Charlottsville, Va. 


(1750 


Charlotte, T. (2070 





24 



CHA 



CIN 



Chataugay, L. C. (15.) 
Chattahochie, G. (269.) 
Chattahochie River, Ala. 

(301.) 
Chattahochie R., G. (250.) 
Chatham, Mass. (112.) 
Chaumont, N. Y. (33.) 
Chagiine, O. (101.) 
Chehaw, G. (286.) 
Chelmsford, Mass. (85.) 
Chelsea, Vt. (61.) 
Cheeks, T. (211.) 
Chemung Canal. See New 

York, (80.) 
Chenango Canal. See New 

York, (80.) 
Cheraw, S. C. (255.) 
Cherokee, G. (249.) 
Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) 
Chester, N. Y. (60.) 
Chester, Vt. (61.) 
Chester, N. H. (85.) 
Chester, Pa. (157.) 
Chester T. Md. (156.) 



Chesterville, Me. (39.) 
Chesterville, S. C. (253.) 
Chesterfield, S. C. (254.) 
Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.) 
Chesapeake and Delaware 

Canal. See Md. (157.) 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 

See Md. (157.) 
Chicago, II. (95.) 
Chickasaws, Miss. (245.) 
Chichis, Texas, (293.) 
Chicot, Ark. T. (262.) 
Chillicothe, O. (149.) 
Chipola, F. (314.) 
Chippeway, U. C. (54.) 
Chiswell, Va. (198.) 
Chitienango Canal. See 

New York, (80.) 
Cholsonville, Va. (217.) 
Chowan Navigation. See 

Virginia, (218.) 
Christianburg, Va. (194.) 
Christianville, Va. (216.) 
Church, N. C. (257.) 



Cincinnati, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of 
Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present 
(1836,) is about 38,000, and is rapidly increasing. The 
public buildings consist of a Court House in Tenth street ; 
four Market-houses ; Bazaar in Third street ; Theatre in 
Second street; Banks; College in Walnut street; Athe- 
neum in Sycamore street ; Medical College in Sixth street ; 
Mechanics' Institute in Walnut street ; two Museums, 
one in Main, and the other in Fourth street; Hospital in 
Plum street, Lunatic Asylum; High-school, and about 
twenty-seven churches, some of which are very elegant. 

ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 



To Louisville, by Steam-boat. 
Lawrenceburg, 24 



Aurora, 
Rising Sun, 



4 28 
7 35 



ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 



25 



Fredericksburg, 

Vevay, 

Fort W illiam, 

Madison, 

Westport, 

JefFersonville, 

Louisville, 



20 55 
10 65 
10 15 
13 88 

21 109 

22 131 
1 132 



Tlience to N. Orleans, 1448 
Miles. See Louisville. 



To Pittsburg, hy S. 
New Richmond, 
Pt. Pleasant, 
Moscow, 
Mechanicsville, 
Augusta, 
Ripley, 
Maysville, 
Manchester, 
Portsmouth, 
Burlington, 
Guy an dot, 
Gallipolis, 
Pt. Pleasant, 
Letart's Is. 
Belville, 
Parkeisburg, 
Marietta, 
Newport, 
Sistersville, 
Elizabethtown, 
Wheeling, 
Warrentown, 
Wellsburg, 
Steubenville, 
Fawcetstow^n, 
Beaver, 
Economy, 
Middletovv^n, 
Pittsburg, 



Boats. 
21 



26 
32 
35 
41 
50 
57 
67 



5 

6 
3 

6 
9 

7 
10 
36 103 
41 144 

7 151 

34 185 
3 188 

29 217 

30 247 
17 264 
13 277 

16 293 

17 310 

35 345 
13 358 

8 366 

6 372 

7 379 
22 401 
19 420 

9 429 
9 438 

11 449 



To Dayton^ by Canal. 

Reading, 12 

Hamilton, 16 28 

Middletown, 14 42 

Franklin, 6 48 

Miamisburg, 6 54 

Dayton, 14 68 



To Columbus, 


by Stage. 


Reading, 


10 


Sharon, 


5 15 


Lebanon, 


16 31 


Waynesville, 


9 40 


Xenia, 


15 55 


Charleston, 


J8 73 


London, 


n 84 


Georgesville, 


12 96 


Columbus, 


13 109 



To Greenville, by Stage. 

Mt. Pleasant, 11 

Hamilton, 12 23 

Newcomb, 18 41 

Eaton, 8 49 

Greenville, 28 77 

To Indianapolis, by Stage. 

Miami, 15 

Harrison, 8 23 

Brookville, 17 40 

Somerset, 11 51 

Rushville, 14 65 

Indianapolis, 40 105 



To Louisville, by Stage. 
Lawrenceville, 23 

Madison, 34 57 

Louisville. 38 95 



3 



26 



CIN 



CLEVELAND. 



To Lexington, by Stage. 
Newport, 1 

Gaines, 12 13 

Theobolds, 12 25 

Georg-etown, 29 54 

Lexington, 13 67 



To ChUlicothe, hy Stage. 

Newton, 8 

Batavia, 15 23 

Williamsburg, 8 31 

Hillsboro, 28 59 

Bainbridge, 22 81 

Chillicothe, 18 99 



Cinthiana, K. (169.) 
Circleville, O. (150.) 
Claiborne, Ala. (299.) 
Clarksburg, Va. (152.) 
Clarksburg, Md.(l 55.) 
Clarksburg, K. (170.) 
Clarksville, T. (207.) 

Cleveland, O. (101.) i§ a 
being situated at the northern 
Erie canal. 



Clarksville, G. (251.) 
Clarksville, Ala. (298.) 
Clarktown, N. Y. (109.) 
Claytonville, G. (251.) 
Clearfield, P. (104.) 
Clermont, N. Y. (83.) 

place of considerable trade, 
termination of the Ohio and 



ROUTE 


S FROM CLEVELAND. 


To Buffalo by Steam Boat. 


To Portsmouth, by Canal. 


Fairport, 


30 


Akron, 38 


Erie, 


74 104 


New Portage, 9 47 


Westfield, 


30 134 


Massillon, 21 68 


Dunkirk, 


15 149 


Bolivar, 12 80 


Cattaraugus, 


13 162 


New Philadelphia, 14 94 


Buffalo, 


28 190 


Gnadenhutten, 13 107 







Coshocton, 26 133 


To Detroit, by Steam Boat. 


Newark, • 40 173 


Huron, 


50 


Bloomfield, 52 225 


Sandusky, 


10 60 


Circleville, 11 236 


Detroit, 


75 135 


Chillicothe, 20 256 


■~~~~" 




Piketon, 24 280 
Portsmouth, 27 307 


Clinton, N. Y. (58.) 




Clover Ball, Va. (174.) 


Clinton, T. (210.) 




Clubfoot Canal, See N. C. 


Clinton, K. (206.) 




(258.) 


Clinton, Lou. (308.) 




Coal M., P. (104.) 


Clinton, G. (270.) 







COD 



COLUMBIA. 



27 



Coleraine, N. C. (218.) 
Coleraine,G. (317.) 
Coles, Va. (215.) 
Coles, N. C. (218.) 
Colington, F. (327.) 
Coolidge, Ala. (298.) 



Codorus Navigation, sec Pa. 

(132.) 
Colchester, C. (110.) 
Coldcarnp, N. C. (256.) 
Cochecton, N. Y. (107.) 
Coleman, Lou. (307.) 
Coleraine, P. (148.) 

Columbia, District of, (176.) Is divided into two coun- 
ties. Population in 1830, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. 
Capital, City of Washington, Lat. 38° 53', N. The other 
towns, are Georgetown and Alexandria. 

Rivers. — Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im- 
provements. — Alexandria canal, extends from the point of 
termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal at George- 
town to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Ohio canal. 
See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rail roads. 
See Maryland. 



Columbia, N. H. (38.) 
Columbia, Me. (42.) 
Columbia, P. (132.) 
Columbia, Mo. (161.) 



Columbia, Ind. (166.) 
Columbia, K. (189.) 
Columbia, Va. (186.) 
Columbia, T, (227.) 



Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capital of the state of South 
Carolina, situated on ihe great road from Washington to 
New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. 
College, are the chief buildings. 

ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA. 



To Charleston, by Stage via 


To Augusta, 


Ga 


by Stage. 


Orangeburg 


Lexington 


C.H. 


12 


Granby, 1 


Leesville, 






17 29 


Conheim, 12 13 


Lumkins, 






6 35 


Orangeburg, 25 38 


Lotts, 






12 47 


Kerrs, 25 63 


Edgefield, 






10 57 


Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 


Augusta, 






15 72 


Dorchester, 17 94 










Charleston, 20 114 




— 







28 


COLUMBUS. 


To Fayettemlle, N. C. by , Yorkville, 22 76 


Stage, 




(Thence to Salisbury, N. C. 


Colonels Cr. 


16 


74 miles.) 


Ferry over Wateree 


14 30 




Camden, 


2 32 


To Greenville, by Stage. 


Debrules, 


12 44 


Lexington C. H. 12 


Sanders, 


12 56 


Saluda R. 14 26 


Black Cr. 


9 65 


Newberry, 17 43 


Cheraw, 


22 87 


Belfast, 16 59 


Boundary, 


15 102 


Huntsville, 8 67 


Laurel Hill, 


13 115 


Laurensville, 9 76 


Lumber R. 


9 124 


Reedy R. 19 95 


Fayetteville, 


24 148 


Greenville, 19 114 


To Yorkville, by Stage. 


To Winsboro, 29 


Round Top, 


.10 


— RufF's Ferry, 39 


"Winnsboro, 


19 29 


— N. Edisto River, 22 


Chesterville, 


25 54 


— M'Cord's Ferry, 33 


Columbia, N. C. (238.) Columbiana, 0. (128.) 


Columbia, Ala. (301.) 


Columbus, Ind. (147.) 



Columbus, O. (140,) capital of the state, founded in 1812. 
Population, about 4500, and rapidly increasing. Public 
buildings : State-house, Court-house, State offices. Peniten- 
tiary, &c. 

ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS. 



To Cincinnati, 


by Stage. 


Circlevillc 


9 


26 


Georgeville, 


13 


Chillicothe, 


19 


45 


London, 


12 25 


Piketon, 


19 


64 


Charleston, 


11 36 


Lucasville, 


13 


77 


Xenia, 


18 54 


Portsmouth 


13 


90 


Waynesville, 


15 69 




- 




Lebanon, 


9 78 


To Athens, 


by stage 




Sharon, 


16 94 


Lythopolis, 




21 


Reading, 


5 99 


Green Castle, 


4 


25 


Cincinnati 


10 109 


Lancaster, 


7 


32 






Logan, 


17 


44 


To Portsmouth 


, by Stage. 


Nelsonville, 


16 


65 


Bloorafield, 


17 


Millville, 


4 


69 






Athens, 


7 


76 



CONCORD. 




'ZYf 


To Wheeling, Va. hy the 


Jackson, 




12 105 


National Road. 


Medina, 




12 117 


Hebron, 28 


Cleveland, 




27 144 


Zanesville, 27 55 








Cambridge, 25 80 


To Portsmouth 


by 


Canal. 


Fair view, 21 101 


Junction, 




10 


St. Clairsville, 24 125 


Bloomfield, 




7 17 


Wheeling, 10 135 


Circleville, 




11 28 




Chillicothe, 




20 48 


To Portland^ by stage. 


Piketon, 




24 72 


Worthington, 9 


Portsmouth, 




27 99 


Delaware, 17 26 








Norton, 11 37 


To Cleveland, by ( 


'Janal, 


Bucyrus, 26 63 


Hebron, 


- 


34 


Portland, 55 118 


Newark, 




10 44 




Coshocton, 




40 84 


To Cleveland, hy stage. 


Gnadenhutten, 




26 110 


Granville, 27 


Bolivar, 




26 136 


Mt. Vernon, 20 47 


Massillon, 




12 148 


Loudonville, 24 71 


Akron, 




33 181 


Wooster, 22 93 


Cleveland, 


85.) 


37 218 


Columbus Canal. See Ohio, 


Columbus, G. (2 




(149.) 


Competition, Va 


.(215.) 


Columbus, K. (206.) 


Coombsville, K. 


(189.) 


Columbus, Miss. (265.) 


Compte, Lou. (293.) 





Cornells, Ala. (285.) 

Concord, N. H. (62,) capital of the state of New Hamp- 
shire. 

ROUTES FROM CONCORD. 



To Boston, 


by Stage. 




To Montpelier, Vt. 


hy stage. 


Hookset Falls, 




8 


Boscawen, 


10 


Londonderry, 


19 


27 


Andover, 


14 24 


Methuen, 


16 


43 


Grantham, 


22 46 


Andover, 


4 


47 


Dartmouth Col. 


11 57 


Stoneham, 


11 


58 


Stratford, 


16 73 


Medford, 


4 


62 


Chelsea, 


9 82 


Boston, 


6 


68 


Barre, 


15 97 


— 


— 




Montpelier, 


9 106 



^0 CONNECTICUT. 



To Portsmouth, by stage. 
Deerfield, 18 

Nottingham, 6 24 

Denham, 10 34 

Newington, 5 39 

Portsmouth, 7 46 



To White Hills, by stage. 
Boscawen, 10 

Bristol, 22 32 

Plymouth, 13 45 

Thornton, 12 57 

Peeling-, 11 68 

Bethlehem, 19 87 

Mt, Washington, 15 102 

Concord, N. Y. (83.) Coudersport, Pa. (104.) 

Concord, N. C. (234.) Cornwall, Can. (14.) 

Concordia, L. (295.) Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.) 

Conestoga Navigation. See Conneaught, O. (102.) 

Pennsj'lvania, (132.) Connecticut R. (38.) 

Covington, N. Y. (78.) 

Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties. 
Population in 1830, 297,711. Area, 5,100 square miles. 
Capitals, Hartford and Nev\^ Haven. Metropolis, New- 
Haven. Lat. 41° 19' N. Longitude 3° 58' E. General 
election, first Monday in April; Legislature meet first 
Wednesday in May; constitution formed, 1818. 

Government. — The governor is ellected annually ; salary 
$1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 per annum. 

The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and 
consists of twenty-one senators, and 208 members of the 
House of Representatives, elected annually. The pay of 
the former is $2 a day each, and of the latter |1,50 a day. 

The general Assembly has one stated session every year, 
alternately at Hartford and New Haven. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a Supreme 
Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts 
as the Legislature may establish. The judges are appointed 
by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and 
Superior Courts hold their offices during good behaviour, 
but not beyond the age of seventy years. 

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1100 
per annum. The four Associate Judges $1050 each. 

Physical Structure. — The state of Connecticut is natu- 
rally divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and 
Housatonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, 
having but few, if any elevations deserving the name of 



COF CRO 31 

mountains. The middle section, or that portion of the state 
lying between the Connecticut river on the east, and the 
Housatonic on the West, is strictly a mountainous reg-ion, 
especially the N. W. part of it. The third, or western sec- 
tion is, with the exception of the southern portion of Fairfield 
county, composed almost entirely of hills and mountains, 
some of which attain to an elevation of "3,500 feet. 

Rivers. — ^Housatonic, Saugatuck, Connecticut, Farming- 
ton, Thames, Quinebaug and Shetucket. 

Tbions.— Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New Lon- 
don and Norwich are incorporated cities; Bridgeport, 
Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stamford, Stonington, 
Waterbury, &c. 

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small 
grains ; flax, hemp, &c. &c. 

Internal Improvenients. — Farmington 'Canal extends 
from New Haven, to the north boundary of the state. It is 
proposed to continue this canal to Northampton, a further 
distance of 22 miles ; entire length so far as completed 56 
miles; Enfield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield 
falls in Connecticut River. Length 5 J miles. 

Coffeeville, Ala. (298.) Cottonport, Ala. (248.) 

Coteau du Lac, Can. (14.) Covington, G. (270.) 

Connecuh R., Ala. (300.) Covington, Lou. (309.) 

Connelsville, P. (129.) Covington, T. (225.) 

Constant, N. C. (218.) Coshattie Indians, L, (306.) 

Coolidge, Ala. (298) Coyemans, N. Y. (83.) 

Coupee, Lou. (308.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.) 

Cowpens, S. C. (233.) Covington, P. (105.) 

Conwayboro, S. C (274.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.) 

vCootes Paradise, Can. (54.) Coshatta Village, Ark. (277.) 

■Conyngham, P. (lOG.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.) 

Covington, II. (164.) Craftsbury, Vt. (37.) 

Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.) Crawfordsville, Ind. (122.) 

Corydon, In. (167.) Crocket, N. C. (254.) 

Coopcrsport, P. (104.) Croghanville, O. (99.) 

Cote Sans dessein. Mo, (162.) Crooked Lake Canal, see N. 
Coosa, AJa. (267.) York, (79.) 

Coosawatchie, S. C. (290.) Cross River, Miss. (296.) 

Coosa R., Ala. (267.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.) 



32 



CRO 



DELAWARE. 



Croton, N. York, (109.) 
Crown Point, N.Y. (60.) 
Crow Town, Ala. (249.) 
Crugers T., Md. (155.) 
Cuffey T., S. C. (271.) 
Culbreaths, S. C. (271.) 
Cumberland, Md. (154.) 
Cumberland, Va. (197.) 
Cumberland R., K. (207.) 



Duguidsville, Va. (195.) 
Dateville, Ala. (301.) 
Dallas, T. (229.) 
Damascus, O. (98.) 
Damascus, P. (107.) 
Dan Navigation, see Virg. 

(215.) 
Danbury,C. (109.) 
Danbury, N. C. (215.) 
Danby,Vt. (61.) 
Dandridge, T. (231.) 
Danielsville, G. (251.) 
Danville, P. (132.) 
Dansville,N.Y.(79.) 



Cumberland R., K. & T. 

(209.) 
Cumberland I., G. (318.) 
Cumberland Gap, Va. (211.) 
Cumberland and Oxford 

Canal, see Maine, (63.) 
Cunningham, Id. O. (100.) 
Cruttituck inlet, N. C. (219.) 
Curwinville, P. (104.) 
Cuthbert, G. (302.) 

D. 

Danville, Vt. (37.) 
Danville, II. (121.) 
Danville, K. (190,) 
Danville, Va. (215.) 
Darlington, S. C. (255.) 
Darlington C. fl., S.C. (272.) 
Darien, G. (305.) 
Davidsonville, Ark. T. (204.) 
Davis, Va. (217.) 
Dayton, O. (148.) 
Decatur, II. (144.) 
Decatur, G. (269.) 
Dedham, Mass. (85.) 
Defiance, O. (98.) 



Delaware, state of, (157,) is divided into three counties. 
Population 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 
square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; 
Lat 39° 44' N. Long. 1° 23' E. General election, first 
Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in 
January, biennially. Constitution formed, 1792. 

Government. — Governor, term of office four years ; elect- 
ed by the people ; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second 
time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. 
House of Representatives composed of twenty-one members. 

Jndiciary. — Comprehends a court of errors and appeal ; 
a superior court ; a court of chancery ; an orphan's court ; 



DEL DET 38 

a court of oyer and terminer ; and some other nunor 
courts. 

Physical Structure. — The two southern counties in this 
State are level. In the Northern part of New Castle county 
hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most re- 
markable features in the natural geography of the state, is 
the noted swamp, situated on the summit of the main ridge, 
from which the water flows into both the Chesapeake Bay 
on the West and Delaware on the East. 

Rivers. — Delaware, Indian, Mispillion, Duck, Brandy- 
wine, and Christiana creeks, branches of the IDelaware, 
Nantikoke River which flows into Chesapeake Bay. 

Islands. — Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay, Hook Islands. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, 
buckwheat, &c. 

Tou5ns.— Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware 
City, Milford, Georgetown, Lewistown, «&c. 

Internal Improvements. — Chesapeake and Delaware 
canal from Delaw^are to Bohemia ; length 13 63-100 miles. 
New Castle and French town Rail Road extends from New 
Castle to Frenchtown, length 16 19-100 miles. A Rail 
Road to extend from Wilmington to Downingtown in 
Pennsylvania is proposed. 

Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.) 

Delaware, R. P. (134.) Delplii, Ind. (122.) 

Delaware Bay, N J. (157.) Demopolos, Ala. (283.) 

Delaware, Va. (198.) Demints, II. (165.) 

Delaware Sf Raritan Canal, Denton, Md. (178.) 

fiee N. Jersey, (134.) Dennyville, Me. (42.) 

Delaware «fe Raritan Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.) 

see N. Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.) 

Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.) 

Detroit, Mich. T. (74.) This is the present capital of 
Michigan Territory. Its population is now (1836.), about 
5,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The puplic 
buildings are, a legislative hall, market and court houses, 
churches, &c. 



34 



DETROIT. 



ROUTES FROM DETROIT. 



To Cincinnati, by Stage. 

R. Rouge, 6 

Brownstown, 10 16 

Monroe, 19 35 

Perrysburg, 30 65 

Finley, 40 105 

Hardin, 31 136 

Bellefontaine, 22 158 

West Liberty, 8 166 

Urbana, 11 177 

Springfield, 14 191 

Yellow Springs, 9 200 

Xenia, 9 209 

Waynesville, 15 224 

Lebanon, 9 233 

Reading, 21 254 

Cincinnati, 10 264 

To Buffalo, by iSteam Boat. 

Sandwich, 3 

Fighting Island, 5 8 

Grosse I. 7 15 

Amherstburg, 4 19 

Middle Sister, 20 39 

BassL 17 56 

Sandusky, 19 75 

Cleveland, 60 135 

Fairport, 30 165 

Erie, Pa. 74 239 

Wesi field, 30 269 

Dunkirk, 15 284 

Cattaraugus, 13 297 

Buffalo, 28 325 

To Chicago, by Stage, 

R. Rouge, 10 

Ypsilanti, 18 28 

Jackson, 11 39 

Jonesville, 47 86 



Factory, 16 102 

Post O. St. Joseph's 

River 50 152 

Edwardsville, 20 172 

Calamic River, 81 253 

Chicago, 14 267 



To Chicago via Montcalm. 
Schwarzburg, 20 

Dexter, 29 49 

Montcalm, 25 74 

Kalamazoo, 63 137 

Mouth of St. 

Joseph's 47 184 

Chicago by Steam B. 64 248 



To Chicago, by 
Grants Pt. 
Horsons I. 
Cottrellville, 
Palmer, 
Bunceville, 
Fort Gratiot, 
White Rock, 
Pt. au Barques, 
Thunder Island, 
Middle I 
Presque I. 
Mackinaw, 
Beaver I. 
Manitou I. 
Chicago, 



Steam Boat. 

]2 

18 30 

8 38 

12 50 

6 56 

7 63 
42 105 
35 140 
30 170 
25 195 
60 255 
55 310 
45 355 
35 390 

250 640 



To Ft. Howard, Green Bay, 

by Steam Boat. 
Beaver I. as above, 355 

I. Brule, 30 385 

G. Traverse, 10 395 



Die 



EASTON. 



35 



Chambers I. 
Green I. 
Fort Howard, 



25 420 
15 435 

40 475 



To Saginaw, by Stage. 
Pontiac, 24 



Indian Vil. 



Saginaw, 



34 93 



To Fort Gratiot, hy Stage. 
Mt. Clemens, 20 

Palmer, 26 46 

Bunceville, 6 52 



35 59 Ft. Gratiot, 



7 59 



Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) 
Dismal Swamp Canal. See 

Va. (218.) 
Dittos, Ala. (248.) 
Dixmont, Me. (40.) 
Dixon's F., II. (93.) 
Doaks, Miss. (280.) 
Dobson, N. C. (214.) 
Doby Inlet, G. (305.) 
Doctortown, G. (305.) 
Dagsboro, D. (178.) 
Donald sonville, Lou. (308.) 
Dorchester, S. C. (290.) 
Dorchester, L. C. (15.) 
Dover, N. H. (63.) 
Dover, capital of the state of 

Delaware, (157.) 
Dover, Va. (197.) 
Dover, T. (207.) 



E. 



Downing T., Pa. (133.) 
Doylestown, Pa. (133.) 
Drefir^s Canal. See S. C» 

(253.) 
Drummondton, Va. (199.) 
Dresden T. (206.) 
Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) 
Dublin, G. (288.) 
Duerville, N. Y. (36.) 
Dulatsburg,P. (133.) 
Dumfries, Va. (176.) 
Dumfries, Ala. (298.) 
Dundaff, P. (107.) 
Dunkirk, Va. (197.) 
Dunlapsville, Ind. (148.) 
Dunn, Ala. (266.) 
Duplin C.H.,N.C. (257.) 
Dwight, Ark. T. (221.) 
Dyersburg, T. (225.) 

Earleysburg, Pa. (131.) 



Eastport, Me. (42.) 
East Andover, Me. (39.) 

Easton, Pa. (133.) a flourishing town, and seat of justice 
of Northampton county. It contains a court house, jail, 
academy, and two banks, with a population of about 6000. 
ROUTES FROM EASTON. 



To Mauch Chunk, 


by 


Canal. 


To Bristol, by Penn. 


canal. 


Bethlehem, 




12 


Raubsville, 


5 


Allentown, 




5 17 


Monroe, 


6 11 


Berlin, 




11 28 


Erwentown, 


9 20 


Lehightown, 




14 42 


Lumberville, 


9 29 


Mauch Chunk. 




4 46 


New Hope, 
Taylorsville, 


6 35 
8 43 



36 



EAS 



ELMf 



Yardleyville, 


3 46 


Morrisville, 


4 50 


Tallytown, 


5 55 


Bristol, 


5 60 



To Jersey City, by Morris 

canal. 

Racket's, N. J. 26 

Dover, 20 46 

Boonton, 10 56 

Paterson, 16 72 

Newark, 14 86 

Jersey City, 14 100 



Tb Reading, by Stage. 
Bethlehem, 10 

Allentown, 6 16 

Trexlersville, 8 24 

Kutztown, 9 33 

Readings 17 50 



Easton, Md. (178.) 
East Fork, Ind. (167.) 
Eaton, O. (148.) 
Eatonton, G. (270.) 
Ebenezer, G. (280.) 
Ebensbur^, P. (130.) 
Edenton,N.C.(218.) 
Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) 
Edgefield, S. C. (272.) 
Edington, Me. (41.) 
Edinburg, G. (252.) 
Edisto R., S. C. (273.) 
Edwardsburg, Mich.T. (96.) 
Edwardsville, II. (164.) 
Eddyville, K. (187.) 
Egnice, N. C. (215.) 
Elba, N. Y. (36.) 



To Wilkesbarre, by Stage. 

Wind Gap, 13 

Stoddartsville, 27 40 

Wilkesbarre, 18 58 

To New York, by Stage, 
Schooley's Mt. Springs, 2& 
Morristown, 21 47 

Newark, 19 66 

New York, 10 76 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 
Ottsville, 17 

Doylestown, 15 32 

Willow Grove, 11 43 

Philadelphia, 13 56 



To Trenton, N. J., by Stage. 
Bloomsbury, N. J. 8 

Flemmington, 19 27 

Pennington, 16 43 

Trenton, 8 51 



Elberton, G. (252.)' 
Elizabeth I., Mass. (112.) 
Elizabethtown, N. J. (134.) 
Elizabethtown, K. (189.) 
Elizab^h, Mo. (162) 
Elizabeth, N. C. (256.) 
Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) 
Elkton, T. (227.) 
Elkton, Md. (157.) 
Elkton, K. (207.) 
Elkheart Grove. II. (143.) 
Ellicott, Md. (156.) 
Ellicottsville, N. Y. (78.) 
Ellis, N. C. (256.) 
ElHsville, Miss. (297.) 
Ellisto I., S. C. (290.) 
Elms, S. C. (290.) 



ELM 



FLORIDA. 



37 



Elmore, Vt. (37.) 
Elyria, O. (100.) 
Elysian Fields, Miss. (295.) 
Elyton, Ala. (267.) 
Emporium, P. (104.) 
Enfield Canal, see Ct (110.) 
Englishman's Bay, Me. (42.) 
Epels, S. C. (254.) 
EHe Canal, in N. Y. (56.) 
Erie, Ala. (283.) 
Ernestown, U. C. (33.) 
Erie, Pa. (76.) 
ErroJ, N. H. (38.) 
Essex, N. Y. (36.) 
Estelsville, Va. (212.) 
Etowah, G. (250.) 
Etowah R., G. (250.) 
Euphrata, P. (132.) 
Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) 
Evansville, Tnd. (166.) 
Evansham, Va. (2l3.) 
Exeter, N. H. (86.) 
Fairfield, C. (10.9.) 
Fairfield, II. (165.) 
Fairfield, Va. (195.) 
Fairfax, Va. (175.) 



Fairfax, Va. (176.) 
Fairhaven, O. (100.) 
Fairview, O. (127.) 
Falmouth, K. (169.) 
Falmouth, Mass. (112.) 
Fannetsburg, P. (131.) 
Farmington, Ct. (110.) 
Farmington Canal, see Ct. 

(108.) 
Farmington, Mo. (184.) 
Farrington, II. (118.) 
Farmville, Va. (196.) 
Fayetteville, N. C. (236.) 
Fayetteville, T. (228.) 
Favetteville, Ala. (266.) 
Fayetteville, G. (269.) 
Finley, O. (99.) 
Fincastle, Va. (195.) 
Fish house, N. Y. (59.) 
Fishki]l,N.Y.(109.) 
Fisher's I., C. (110.) 
Flat Rock, P. (153.) 
Flemington, N. J. (134.) 
Flemingsburg, K, (1 70.) 
Flint River, G. (302.) 



Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided intch 
19 counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 
55,680 square miles. 

Government. — The Governor is appointed by the Presi-. 
dent, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate : — 
salary, $2,500 per annum. Secretary, — salary, $1,500. 

The Legislative Council consists of sixteen members, and 
meets annually (at Tallahassee) on the first Monday in Jan-, 
uary. 

Judiciary. — There are four judges^ appointed by the 
President and Senate — one for each of the four districts 
which have been named. The salary of each, $1,500. 

Physical Structure. — The entire Territory of Florida^ 



38 FLORIDA. 

with the exception of a small portion west of the Appalachi- 
cola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface. 
No elevation deserving the name of mountain, nor any hill 
exceeding 300 feet in height, is to be found. In the vi- 
cinity of Toloso, a limestone ridge occurs, merely sufficient 
to give motion to the waters. Natural bridges, common to 
limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. 
Proceeding southward, the ridge just mentioned becomes 
more depressed, until it reaches the source of theOclawaha, 
where it disappears entirely, though similar geological 
features may be traced several miles further south. All 
below the 28° of N. Lat. consists of flat lands, subject to oc- 
casional, and a large portion of it, to constant submersion. 

Rivers. — St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Chocta- 
whatchie, Appalachicola, Oelackonnee, Suwanee, St. Ma- 
rys, &c. 

Bays. — Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. An- 
drews, Appalachee, St. Josephs, Charlotte, Gallivans, and 
Chatham on the Gulf. 

No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of 
the Territory ; Mosquitto, Lagoon, Indian river, Slc, re- 
semble bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely ex- 
panded rivers, and cannot with propriety be called bays. 

Productions. — Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, In- 
dian corn, &,c., together with a great variety of garden 
vegetables. 

Towns. — Tallahassee, the capital; Pensacola, St. Augus. 
tine, Alaqua, Webbville, Appalachicola, Quincy, Monticello, 
Jacksonville, &c. 

Florida, F. (312.) Fort Portage, O. (99.) 

Florida, Ala. (298.) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.) 

Florence, Ala. (247.) Fort Dearborn, 11. (95.) 

Fords, Miss. (297.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.) 

Forsyth, G. (270.) Fort Erie, U. C. (77.) 

Forlin, Lou. (309.) Fort Brown, O. (98.) 
Fort Gratiot, Mich. T. (51.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.) 

Fort St. Mary, O. (124.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.) 

Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Early, G. (286.) 

Fort Recovery, O. (124.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.) 



FOR 



GALENA. 



39 



Fort Strother, Ala. (267.) 
Fort Chinnabie, Ala. (267.) 
Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) 
FortWiiliams, Ala. (267.) 
Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) 
Fort Mitchell, Ala. (285.) 
Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) 
Fort Lawrence, G. (286.) 
Fort Mimms, Ala. (299.) 
Fort Crawford, Ala. (299.) 
Fort Dale, Ala. (300.) 
Fort James, G. (304.) 
Fort Gaines, G. (301.) 
Fort Scott, G. (315.) 
Fort Barrington, G. (305.) 
FortBowyer, Ala. (311.) 
Fort St. Phillip, Lou. (324.) 
Fowl, T. (314.) 
Francestown, N. H. (85.) 
Franconia, N. H. (38.) 
Franklin, Pa. (103.) 
Franklin, Va. (174.) 
Franklin, Ind. (147.) 
Franklin, K. (208.) 
Franklin, T. (228.) 
Franklin, N. C. (231.) 
Franklin, G. (269.) 



Franklin, Miss. (295.) 
Franklin, Lou. (322.) 
Franklintown, Lou. (309.) 
Franklinville, G. (316.) 
Frankfort, II. (186.) 
Frankfort, Ind. (122.) 
Frankfort, Va. (194.) 
Frankfort, capital of Ken- 
tucky, (169.) 
Franktown, Va. (199.) 
Fraser, N. C. (217.) 
Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) 
Fredericksburg, Va. (176.) 
Fredericktown, Md. (155.) 
Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) 
Fredericktown, O. (126.) 
Fredonia, N. Y. (77.) 
Fredonia, O. (167.) 
Freehold, N. J. (134.) 
Freeport, Pa. (129.) 
Freeport, Me. (63.) 
Frenchmans B. Me. (41.) 
French T., Miss. (311.) 
Friendsville, Pa. (106.) 
Fulsoms, Miss. (265.) 
Fryburg, Me. (62.) 
Foxboro, Mass. (85.) 



G. 

Gainsville, G. (251.) Galvezton,L. (309.) 

Galena, 111. (66,) is the centre of an extensive lead re- 
gion, in Illinois, and the districts of Huron or Wisconsin, 
and Sioux. Population about 2000, 

ROUTES FROM GALENA. 



To St. Louis, by Steam 

Bout. 

Mississippi River, 4 

Apple Creek, 14 18 



Rush Creek, 


8 26 


Plum Creek, 


10 36 


Maradozia, 


10 46 


Fort Armstrong, 


24 70 



40 GAL 




GEORGIA. 




Copper Creek, 


26 96 


To Fort Winnebago, by land. 


Fort Edwards, 


100 196 


Gratiot's Grove, 


15 


Hannibal, 


41 237 


Dodgeville, 


30 45 


L uisiana. 


25 262 


Moundville, 


14 59 


Illinois River, 


72 334 


Fort Winnebago, 


54 113 


Missouri River, 


17 351 






St. Louis, 


17 368 


To Chicago, by land, 169 


To Prairie du Chien. 


To Vandalia, by 


land. 


N. boundary of 11. 


17 


Rock River, 


65 


L. Platte Cr. 


7 24 


Peoria, 


76 141 


Grant Cr. 


6 30 


Spring-field, 


65 206 


Cassville, 


14 44 


Vandalia, 


55 261 


Prairie du Chien, 


24 68 







Gallipolis, O. (171.) 
Gallatin, T. (208.) 
Gandysville, Va. (153.) 
Gap, N. H. (38.) 
Garland, Me. (40.) 
Gasconade, Mo. (162.) 
Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) 
Gasavpays, II. (186.) 
Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) 
Gatewoods, II. (166.) 



Geneseo, N. Y. (79.) 
Geneva, N. Y. (80.) 
Georgetown, P. (132.) 
Georgetown, Pa. (128.) 
Georgetown, D. C. (176.) 
Georgetown, O. (170.) 
Georgetown, D. (178.) 
Georgetown, S. C. (274.) 
Georgetown, G. (271.) 
Georgetown, K. (169.) 



Genereau, Mich. (49.) 

Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into 
ninety-nine counties. Population 516,567, including 
217,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital, Mil- 
ledgeville. " Metropolis, Savannah, lat. 32° 03' N., long. 4° 
03' W. General election, first Monday in October. Legis- 
lature meet first Monday in November. Constitution 
formed, 1798. 

Government. — The governor is elected by the people, for 
two years ; salary $3,000. The legislative power is vested 
in a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the Gene- 
ral Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen 
annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the 
first Monday in November. One Senator is elected for 
each county, and the number of Representatives is in pro - 



GEORGIA. 



41 



portion to population, including three-fifths of all the people 
of colour ; but each county is entitled to at least one, but 
not more than four. 

Judicianj — Superior Court, the judges of which are 
elected by the legislature foj; three years and receive an- 
nually $2,100 each. The justices of the inferior courts, 
and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by 
the people. 

Physical Structure. — Nearly two-thirds of the state, on 
the south-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of 
mountains. North-west of the great road leading from 
Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, 
increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it 
attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined 
plane, which contains the gold region, is suddenly termi- 
nated by the Blue Kidge, which separates the waters of 
the Tennessee from those of Coosa, &c. 

Rivers. — Coosa, Chattahooche, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, 
Alatamaha, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Ogechee, and Savannah. 

Productions. — Cotton, rice, timber, tobacco, Indian corn, 
and fruits in great variety and abundance. Gold and some 
other minerals. 

Internal Improvements. — Savannah and Ogechee Canal, 
commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee 
a short distance above the mouth of the Cannouchee river. 
An extension of this work is proposed, of sixty miles, to the 
Alatamaha. — Alatamaha and Brunswick Kail Road, twelve 
miles in length. 

Towns. — Savannah, Millcdgevillc, Augusta, Darien, 
Macon, Columbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, 
Greensboro, Sparta, &c. 

Germantown, Pa. (133.) Gilead, Ih (142.) 

Gcrmantown, Va. (195.) Gilford, N. H. (62.) 

Germantown, N. C. (238.) Gilmanton, N. H. (62.) 

Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gloucester, Mas. (86.) 

Germantown, N. C. (214.) Gloucester, Va. (198.) 

Gibraltar Pt. U.C. (54.) Glasgow, K. (189.) 

Gibsonport, Miss. (295.) Golconda, II. (186.) 

Gilboa, N. Y. (82.) Goldboro, Me. (41.) 

4* 



m 



42 



GOL 



HAH 



Gold Region, G. (250.) 
Good, N. C. (233.) 
Gorham, Me. (63.) 
Goshen, N.Y. (108.) 
Governeur, N. Y. (34.) t 
Grand Lake, Me. (2l.) 
Grand Id. U. C. (33.) 
Grand R. Mich, (71.) 
Granger, O. (101.) 
Granville, Mass. (84.) 
Gralz, Pa. (132.) 
Gr. Egfg- Harbour, N. J. 

(158.) 
Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) 
Gr. Ogechee R., G. (288.) 
Greensboro, Vt. (37.) 
Greensboro, G. (270.) 
Greensboro, Ala. (283.) 
Greensburg-, P.(12;).) 
Greensburg-, Ind. (147.) 
Greensburg, K. (189.) 
Greenupsburg, K. (171.) 
Greenville, II. (164.) 

Haddam,Con. (110.) 
Hadensville, Va. (196.) 
Hadley (south) Canal, see 

Massachusetts, (84.) 
Hacrerstown, Md. (155.) 
HaTifax, P. (l32.) 
Halifax, N.C. (217.) 
Hallowcll, Me. (40.) 
Halls, N. C. (235.) 
Hamburg, N. J. (108.) 
Haraburs-, P. (133.) 
Hamburg, S. C. (272.) 
Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) 
Hamilton, O. (148.) 
Hamilton, Miss. (280.) 
Hamiltons, Lou. (278.) 



H 



Greenville, S. C. (252.) 
Greenville, K. (187.) 
Greenville O. (124.) 
Greenville, Ind. (168.) 
Greenville, Mo. (184.) 
Greenville, T. (212.) 
Greenville, N. C. (237.) 
Greenville, Mis. (295.) 
Greenfield, Mass. (84.) 
Greenfield, Ind. (147.) 
Greenfield, O. (149.) 
Greensville, Va. (213.) 
Greensville, Ala. (300.) 
Green River, K. (187.) 
Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) 
Greene, N.Y. (81.) 
Greencastle, Ind. (146.) 
Grecncastle, P. (155.) 
Greenock, Ark. (224.) 
Grinders, T. (227.) 
Grabb, Lou. (294.) 
Guildhall, Vt. (38.) 
Guyandot. Va. (171.) 



Hampton, Va. (198.) 
Hampton N. J. (158,) 
Hampton, Lou. (309.) 
Hanbyville, Ala. (267.) 
Hancocks, T., Md= (154.) 
Hannas, N. C. (235.) 
Hanover, N. H. (61.) 
Hanover, Va. (197.) 
Hardin, O. (124.) 
Hardin, O. (125.) 
Hardinsburg, K. (188.) 
Hardinsville, (226.) 
Hardwich, Mass. (84.) 
Hartford, Md. (156.) 
Hargroves, Ala. (267.) 
Harleam CH, see N. Y.(i35.) 



HARTFORD. 



43 



Harlaem Rail Road,see New 

York, (135.) 
Harleesville, S. C. (255.) 
Harmony, Me. (40.) 
Harmony, P. (128.) 
Harmony, Ind. (166.) 
Harperfield, N. Y. (82.) 
Harpersfield, 0.(101.) 
Harper's Ferry, Va. (155.) 



Harpshead, K. (187.) 
Harrington, Me. (42.) 
Harrisburg, P. (132.) 
Harrisburg, T. (225.) 
Harrisonburg, Va. (1 75.) 
Harrisonburg, Lou. (294.) 
Harrisville, Va.(217.) 
Harrisonville II. (163.) 
Harrodsburg, K. (ISO). 



Haitford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, 
and, next to New Haven, the most populous town in the 
state; population 9,789 ; its public buildings consist of the 
State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the 
Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches. 

ROUTES FROM HARTFORD. 



To New Haven, by Stage. 
Newington, 
Worthington, 
Meriden, 
Wallingford, 
North Haven, 
New Haven, 



6 
12 

18 
22 
31 
36 



To New Haven via Middle- 
town, by Stage. 

Stepney, 8 

Middletown, 8 16 

Durham, 7 23 

North ford, 8 31 

New Haven, 10 41 

To Boston, by Stage. 

Ellington, 14 

Tolland, 5 19 

Willington, 7 26 

Ashford, 2 28 

Thompson, 20 48 

Douglass, 14 62 



Mendon, 

Medway, 

Dover, 

Brooklyne, 

Boston, 



12 
9 

12 
11 

4 



74 

83 

95 

106 

110 



To Providence, by Stage. 
Ashford, as above, 28 

Pom fret, 14 42 

Killingly, 6 48 

Providence, 26 74 

To New London, by Stage. 

Glastenbury, 7 

Marlboro, 11 18 

Colchester, 8 26 

New Salem, 7 38 

Chesterfield, 6 39 

New London, 7 46 



To Springfield, by Stage. 
Windsor, 7 

Warehouse Pt. 7 14 



44 



HAR 



HOP 



Enfield, 
Springfield, 



4 18 
10 28 



To Worcester, by Stage. 

Tolland, 19 

Stafford Spr. 8 27 

Stafford Ch. 2 29 

Sturbridge, 23 52 

Charlton, 10 62 

Worcester, 10 72 



To Salisbury, by Stage. 
Northington, 9 

Canton, 5 14 

Winsted, 12 26 

Norfolk, 10 36 

N. Canaan, 5 41 



Salisbury, 



7 48 



Hartford, K. (188.) 
Hartford, N. C. (218.) 
Hartford, G. (287.) 
Hartsvillc, T. (208.) 
Harwich, Mass. (113.) 
Hauppage,N.Y. (135.) 
Havana, Ala. (246.) 
Haverhill, N. H. (37.) 
Havre de Grace, Md. (156.) 
Haysboro, T. (208.) 
Hyatts, L. C. (17.)! 
Hazlepatch, K. (191.) 
Helena, Ark. (244.) 
Hempstead, N. Y. (135.) 
Henderson, XL (118.) 
Henderson, K. (187.) 
Henderson, N. C. (234) 
Hennepin, II. (93.) 
Henry C. H,, G. (269.) 
Herculaneum, Mo. (163.) 
Hereford Inlet, N. J. (158.) 
Herkimer, N. Y. (59.) 
Hicks, G. (249.) 



To Litchfield, by Stage. 

Farmington, 10 

Burlington, 9 19 

Harwinton, 7 26 

Litchlield, 8 34 

To Danbury, by Stage. 

Farmington, 10 

Bristol, 7 17 

Plymouth, 6 23 

W'atertown, 7 30 

Woodbury, 7 37 

Newtown, 15 52 

Danbury 9 61 



Hickstown,F. (316.) 
Hicksford, Va, (217.) 
Hickory Hill, S. C. (2S9.) 
Hickory T., P. (103.) 
High Pt., U. C. (74) 
Hill, N. C. (217.) 
Hills West, N. C. (80.) 
Hillsboro, (143.) 
Hillsboro, O. (149.) 
Hillsboro, N. C. (215.) 
Hillsboro, N. H. (162.) 
Hilton Head, S. C. (290.) 
Hindostan, Ind. (167.) 
Hogton, N. C. (237.) 
Hollidayburg, P. (130.) 
Holmes, F. (1314) 
Holmesville, Miss. (296.) 
Holmesvillc, G. (304.) 
Holston R. Va. (213.) 
Hookset Canal, see New 

Hampshire, (62.) 
Hoof Inn, N.C. (238.) 
Hope, N. J. (134) 



ILLINOIS. 45 

Hopctown, N. Y. (80.) Hulinsburg, P. (103.) 

HopUinton, N. Y. (35.) Humes, S. C. (274.) 

Hopkinlon, N. H. (62.) Huntersvillc, Va. (173.) 

PJopkinsville, K. (207.) Huntingdon, P. (130.) 

Horn T. Va. (199.) Huntingdon, T. (206.) 

Horns N. C. (256.) Hunts, N. Y. (79.) 

Horry, G. (286.) Huntsville, N. C. (214.) 

Hot Springs, Ark. (241.) Huntsville, Ala. (248.) 

Howards, S. C. (255.) Huntsville Canal, see Ala- 
I-Iudson, N. Y. (83.) bama, (248.) 

Hudson Sf Delaware Canal,^ Huntsville, S. C. (253.) 

see New York, (108.) Huston, N. C. (254.) 
Huglisville, Va. (214.) - Huttonsville, Va. (173.) 

Illinois, state of, (186,) is divided into 68 counties. 
The population in 1830, was 157,445, but has greatly in- 
creased since. Area, 57,900 square rniles. Capital and 
metropolis, Vandalia, lat. 38° 5'^' N. long. 11° 57' W. Ge- 
neral election, first Monday in August biennially. Legis- 
lature meets first Monday in December every second year. 
Date of constitution, 1818. 

Government. — Governor is elected for four years, salary 
$1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. 
The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house 
of representatives. The members of the former are elected 
for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of 
each, three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the 
first Monday in December. General election, first Monday 
in August, biennially. 

Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a chief jus- 
tice and three associate judges ; salary of each flOOO. 
They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge for 
the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county 
commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are 
elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected 
by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge 
of probate in each county. Imprisonment for debt, except 
in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by 
the constitution. 

Physical Structure. — The whole state is remarkably 



46 INDIANA. 

level, having- no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great 
elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial change 
in the surface is perceptible ; the country is somewhat bro- 
ken and undulating, but its level character is maintained 
throughout the vi^hole. The " American Bottom," so called, 
celebrated for its fertility, extends along the left bank of 
the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskas- 
kia, nearly ninety miles. Prairies and barrens abound to 
a great extent in this state ; probably one-half of its sur- 
face consists of these natural meadow^s. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskas- 
kia, Ohio and Wabash. 

Productions. — Indian corn, v^heat, tobacco, cotton, lead, 
&c. 

Internal Improvements. — Are merely prospective, none 
having yet been completed, A canal about 100 miles in 
length, from Ottowa, or perhaps from Hennepin, lower down 
the Illinois to lake Michigan, has been long contemplated. 

Towns. — Vandalia, Edwardsvills, Belleville, Garrolton, 
Albion, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Springfield, Beardstown, 
Ottowa, Galena, and many others. 

Illinois R., II. (94.) Illinois, R., Ark. (200.) 

Illinois Canal. See II. (94.) Indiana, P. (129.) 

Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-six counties, 
and had, in 1830, a population of 343,031. Area, 36,500 
square miles. Capital, Indianapolis ; metropolis. New 
Albany, lat. 38° 19' N. long. 8° 44' W. Date of constitu- 
tion, 1816. General election, 1st Monday in August. Leg- 
islature meet, 1st Monday in December. 

Government. — The governor is elected for three years ; 
salary $1,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is presi- 
dent of the senate, and receives two dollars per day during 
the session of the legislature. 

The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indi- 
ana, and is composed of a senate, the members of which are 
elected for three years ; and a house of representatives, 
whose members are elected annually. The number of the 
former is at present 30 ; and the latter 75. Pay of mem- 
bers of both houses is two dollars a day each. 



INDIANA. INDIANOPOLIS. 47 

Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme 
Court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the 
general assembly may establish. The supreme court con- 
sists of three judges; and each of the circuit courts con- 
sists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold 
their office for seven years, if not removed for improper 
conduct. 

The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the 
governor, with the consent of the senate. The presiding 
judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legisla- 
ture ; and the associates are elected by the people. 1'here 
are seven presiding judges of circuit courts. The judges 
of the supreme and circuit courts receive $700 per annum. 
The associate judges receive $2 a day each, during the 
session of the courts. 

Physical Structure. — The country along the Ohio, from 
the Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 miles back, pre- 
sents a broken and hilly appearance : it is not however 
hilly in the strict sense of the term. The ridges, con- 
monly so called, are mere buttresses which support the 
elevated plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently 
been occasioned by the abrasions of the streams which have 
thus formed those dark ravines which abound in this part of 
the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, and 
in the north no mountains or hills of any mangitude exist. 

Rivers. — Ohio, Wabash, White water, Laugherry, Sil- 
ver, Indian, the four last are merely creeks. 

Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour, 
&c. many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance. 

Internal, Improvements. — Wabash and Erie Canal. It is 
to extend from Lafayette, to the eastern boundary of the 
state. Length 127 miles. 

Towns. — Indianapolis the capital ; Vincennes, Lawrence- 
burg, Aurora, Vevey, Madison, Jeffersonville, New Albany, 
Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Loganport, 
Lafayette, «Sz:.c. &c. 

Indianapolis, (146.) 

ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. 



To New Albany, by stage. 
Franklin, 20 



Edinburg, 10 .30 

Columbus, 12 42 



48 INDIANAPOLIS. 



JAM 



Brovvnstown, 
Vallona, 
Salcrn, 
Greenville, 
N. Albany, 



25 67 

3 70 

Id 89 

24 113 

9 122 



(Thence to Louisville, K. 
3 miles.) 



To Cincinnati, by Stage. 

Rushville, 40 

Somerset, 14 54 

Brookeville, 11 65 

Harrison, 17 82 

Miami, 8 90 

Cincinnati, 15 105 

To Vincennes, by Stage. 

Port Royal, 16 

Martinville, 14 30 

Spencer, 24 54 

Bioomfield, 23 77 

Vincennes, 45 122 



To Vandalia, K. by Stage. 
Bclville, 20 



Innfield, N. C. (217.) 
Instantur, P. (104.) 
Ipswich, Me. (86.) 
Irvine, K. (191.) 

Jackson, Mich. (73.) 
Jackson, O. (150.) 
Jackson, Mo. (185.) 
Jackson, T. (228.) 
Jackson, capital of Miss. 

(280,) 
Jackson, Ala. (298.) 
Jacksonville, 11. (142.) 
Jacksonville, G. (303.) 
Jacksonville, F. (318.) 



Greencastle, R. 
Terrehaute, 
Enibarras R. 
Evvinglon, 
Vandalia, 



17 37 
33 70 
45 115 
25 140 
30 170 



To Covington, by Stage. 
CrawfordsviUe, 50 

Covington, 29 79 



To Wayne, by Stage. 
Conncrstown, 17 

Noblesville, 4 21 

Strawtown, 7 28 

Wayne, 83 111 



To Columbus, O. 
Greenfield, 
Centreviile, 
Richmond, 
Levvisburg, 
York, 
Springfield, 
1 Columbus, 



by Stage. 
20 
44 64 
6 70 
17 87 
16 103 
26 129 
43 172 



Ithaca Sf Owego Rail Road. 

see N. Y. ( .) 
Ischua, N. Y. (78.) 
Isle of Wight Va. (218.) 

Jackson burg, O. (148.) 
Jacksonboro, G. (2S9) 
Jacksonboro, S. C. (290.) 
Jacksboro, T. (210.) 
Jafl:'rey, N.. H. (84.) 
Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) 
Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) 
James River Canals, see 

Virginia, (197.) 
James R., Va. (197.) 



JAM 



KENTUCKY. 



49 



James avd Jackson R.Canal, 

see Va. (196.) 
JaraesI.,S. C. (219.) 
Jamesville, S. C. (273.) 
Jasper, T. (229.) 
Jay, Me. (39.) 
Jefferson, 0.(102.) 
Jefferson, P. (103.) 
Jefferson, Mo. (161.) 

K. 

Kalamazoo, R., Mich. (71.) 
Kanawha, Navigation, see 

Virginia, (172.) 
Kanawha R., Va. (172.) 
Kankakee, R., Ind. (95.) 
Kaskaskia R., II. (144.) 
Kaskaskie, Ind. (95.) 
Kaskaskia, II. (185.) 
Keene, N. H. (84.) 



Jefferson, Va. (176.) 
Jefferson, N. C. (213) 
Jefferson, Mis. (246.) 
Jefferson, G. (251.) 
Jefferson, G. (318.) 
Jeffersonvillc, Ind. (168.) 
Jeffersonvilk', Va. (193.) 
Jericho, N.Y. (81.) 



Kempsville, Va. (218.) 
Kellyvale, Va. (37.) 
Kenjua, P. (103.) 
Kennard, G. (302.) 
Kennebeck R., Me. (40.) 
Kenncbeck R., Me. (64.) 
Kennebunk, Me. (63.) 
Kent I., Md. (177.) 
Kentucky R., K. (191.) 



Kentucky state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. 
Population in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. 
Area, 40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis 
Louisville, Lat. 38° 18' N. Long. 8° 46' W. General 
election first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first 
Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799. 

Government. — Governor's term of office, four years. Sala- 
ry $i,()00 per annuni. Lieutenant-governor $4 per day, 
as president of the senate ; secretary of state, $750 ; audi- 
tor, register and treasurer, each $1,500. 

The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre- 
sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Common- 
wealth of Kentucky. The members of the former are cho- 
sen for 4 years ; those of the latter annually. The senate 
consists of 38 members ; and the house of representatives 
of 100. Tlie members of both houses receive $2 per day 
during the session of the legislature. 

Judiciary. — The court ofappeals consists of a Chief Jus- 
tice and two other Judges ; salary of each $1,500. Cir- 
cuit courts ; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts 



50 KENTUCKY. 

for holding" circuit courts. There is a judge for each cir- 
cuit, who has jurisdiction of law cases over $50, and of chan- 
cery cases over £5, and holds three terms a year in each 
county of his circuit. The salary of the judges of the cir- 
cuit courts is $1000 per annum. County courts are also 
held by three or more justices of the peace. Their juris- 
diction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals from the 
decisions of single justices. 

Physical Structure. — The south-eastern portion of this 
state borders upon the Allegheny range of mountains, some 
of the spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a con- 
siderable distance into it. I'hat part of the state is con- 
sequently of a mountainous cliaracter, with lofty eminences 
and deep ravines and valleys between them, affording land- 
scape views of uncommon boldness and beauty. Along the 
Ohio river, and extending from 10 to 20 miles in different 
places from it, are tlie " Ohio Hills," parallel with that 
beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally 
gracefully rounded and conical, with narrov/ vales and 
bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of 
the state, through which they extend, a very rough ap- 
pearance. They are covered with lofty forests, and have 
often a good soil on their sides and summits. The alluvial 
bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams 
which fall into that river, areof ti)e richest kind. 

Rivers. — Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, 
Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, &-c. 

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, 
hemp, tobacco, &c. 

Internal I/nprovemenls. — Louisville and Portland canal. 
Length about one and a half miles. Lexington and Ohio 
Rail Road, commences at Lexington, passes through Frank- 
fort, and thence to Shippingport, near Louisville. Length 
85 miles. 

Toions. — Frankfort the capital ; Lexington, Louisville, 
Marysville,. Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Covington,. 
Port Wilham, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Wash- 
ington, Paris, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Verseilles, Bards- 
town, Shelbyviile, Russelville, Bowling-green, Princeton, 



KNOXVILLE. 



51 



Glasgow, together with others, many of them equally im- 
portant. 



Keys, N.J. (158.) 
Kilbonrns, Vt. (37.) 
KJIlingvvorth, Con.(llO.) 
Kilpatricks, II. (1G4.) 
Kinderhook, N. Y. (83.) 
Kingston, U.C. ^33.) 
Kingston, N. Y. (108.) 
Kingston, R. I. (111.) 
Kingston, Md. (178.) 
Kingston, T. (230.) 



Kingston, N. C. (237.) 
Kingstree, S. C. (274.) 
Kings, N. C. (237.) 
Kings, S. C. (289.) 
K. Geo. C. H. Va. (176.) 
K. & Queens C. H. Va. 

(198.) 
Kingwood, Va. (153.) 
Kinsman, O. (102.) 
Kittanning, P. (129.) 



Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in east 
Tennessee. Population about 3,000. The public buildings 
consists of a college, several churches, county offices, &c. 

ROUTES FROM KNOXVILLE. 



To Nashville, 


by Stage. 


To Warm Springs N. C. by 


Loveville, 


14 


Stage. 




Kingston, 


23 37 


Dandridge, 


32 


Crab Orchard, 


20 57 


Newport, 


15 47 


Sparta, 


38 95 


Warm Springs N. C. 


28 75 


Liberty, 


32 127 






Lebanon, 


26 153 


To Athens, by Stage. 


Nashville, 


28 181 


Maryville, 


8 




~ 


Madisonville, 


29 48 


To Abingdon, Va. by Stage. 


Athens, 


15 62 


Rutledge, 


32 






Bean's Station, 


10 42 


To Clinton, 


18 


Mooresbu rg, 


8 50 


— Jacksboro, 


36 


Rogcrsville, 


13 63 


— Montgomery, 


54 


Kingsport, 


26 89 


— Tazewell, 


50 


Blountsville, 


17 106 






Abingdon, Va, 


24 130 







Knoxville, G. (286.) 
Lacadie, L. C. (15,) 



Kutztown, Pa. (133.) 



L. 



Lafayatte, Ind. (122.) 



52 



LAG 



LANCASTER. 



La Grange, G. (269.) 
Lake Champkin, N. Y. (36.) 
Lake Ontario, N. Y. {55.) 
Lake Michigan, Mich. (69.) 
Lake St. Clair, Mich. (74.) 
Lake Erie, O. (100.) 
Lake Borgne, Lou. (310.) 
Lake Ponchartrain, Lou. 

(309.) 
L. St. Francis, L. C. (14.) 
L. of the two xMts. L. C. (14.) 
L. George N. Y. (60.) 
L. George, F. (330.) 
L. Memphramagog, L. C. 

ae.) 

L. Mermentou, Lou. (321.) 
L. Bernard, G. (286.) 
Lancaster, N. H. (38.) 
Louisville and Portland 
Canal, see Ken. (168.) 



La Fourche Canal, see Lou- 
isiana, (323.) 

Lake Veret Canal, see Lou- 
isiana, (323.) 

Lackawaxen Canal, see 
Pennsylvania, ( 108.) 

Lake Drumnwnd Canal, see 
N.Carolina, (218.) 

Lancaster Canal, see Ohio, 
(150.) _ _ ^ 

Lehigh Navigation, see 
Pennsylvania, (133.) 

Lackawaxen Rail Road, see 
Pennsylvania, (107.) 

Lykins Valley Rail Road, 
see Pennsylvania, (132.) 

Loricks Canal, see S. Caro- 
lina, (253.) 

Lockharts Canal, see South 
Carolina, (253.) 



Lancaster, P. (132.) The city of Lancaster formerly the 
capital of Pennsylvania, is a large and thriving place, 
having a population of 7,683, and considerable trade. The 
great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and the Colum- 
bia rail road pass through it. Its public buildings are, a 
court house, jail, Lancasterian school house, and several 
handsome churches. 



ROUTES FROM LANCASTER. 




To Philadelphia, 


by 


Stage. 


Mine Ridge, 


8 17 


Soudersburg, 




8 


Coatsville, 


12 29 


Coats vi lie. 




17 25 


Downingstown, 


8 37 


Downingstown, 




7 32 


Schuylkill river. 


29 66 


Paoli, 




12 44 


Philadelphia, 


3 69 


Philadelphia, 




20 64 












To Harrisburg, hy Stage. 


To Philadelphia 


,by 


Rail 


Mountjoy, 


12 


Road. 






Elizabethtown, 


7 19 


Soudersburg, 




9 







LANCASTER. 



53 



MIddletown, 
Harrisburg-, 



7 26 
9 35 



To Pittsburg. 

Columbia, by Raii R. 13 

York [by stage,] 11 24 

Abbotstown, 15 3.9 

Gettysburg, 14 53 

Chambersburg, 25 78 

M'Connelstown, 19 97 

Bedford, 31 128 



Lancaster, O. (150.) 
Lancaster, Va. (198.) 
Lancaster, S. C. (254.) 
Landisburg, P. (131.) 
Langford, Ala. (298.) 
La Prairie, L. C. (15.) 
Lattimore, Miss. (296.) 
Laughlin T., P. (129.) 
Lawrenceburg, Ind. (148.) 
Lawrenceboro, T. (227.) 
Lawrenceville, S. C. (-253.) 
Lawrenceville, Mich. (99.) 
Lawrenceville, Ind. (l6fi,) 
Lawrenceville, G. (251.) 
Lawrenceville, Va. (218.) 
Lawrenceburg, P. (103.) 
Laurel T,, D. (178.) 
Lead Mines, II. (66.) 
LeadM., Mo. (163.) 
LeafR., Miss. (297.) 
Lebanon, N. Y. (83.) 
Lebanon, P. (132.) 
Lebanon, O. (148.) 
Lebanon, II. (164.) 
Lebanon, K. (189.) 
Lebanon, T. (208.) 



Stoystown, 

Laughlintown, 

Youngstown, 

Greensburg, 

Stuartsville, 

Pittsburg, 



28 156 
16 172 
13 185 
10 195 
13 208 
19 227 



To Reading, by Stage. 
Ephrata, 13 

Adams, 9 22 

Reading, 9 31 



K* 



Lebanon, Va. (212.) 
Leesburg, Va. (155.) 
Leeds, Va. (177.) 
Le Flor.s, Miss. (281.) 
Lehighton, P. (133.) 
Leicester, Va. (196.) 
Lenox, Mass. (83.) 
Leominster, Mass. (85.) 
Leonard T., Md. (177.) 
Le Raysville, N. Y. (34.) 
Leroy, N. Y. (78.) 
Lewistown, N. Y. (54.) 
Lewistown, D. (178.) 
Lewistown, II. (66.) 
Lewistown, II. (118.) 
Lewistown, P. (131.) 
Lewistown, Va. (216.) 
Lewis, Lou. (307.) 
Lewisburg, Va. (194.) 
Lexington, N. Y. (82.) 
Lexington, P. (102.) 
Lexington, K. (169.) 
Lexington, Va. (195.) 
Lexington, T. (226.) 
Lexington, N. C. (234.) 
Lexington, G. (270.) 



64 



LIB 



LOUISIANA. 



Liberty, K. (190.) 

Liberty, Va. (195.) 

Liberty, S. C. (273.) 

Liberty, Mi.ss. (2')6.) 

Licking R., K. (170.) 

Licking- station, K. (191.) 

Lincolnton, N. C. (233.) 

Lincolnton, G. (271.) 

Lisbon, G. (271.) 

Litcbfield, Con. (109.) 

Litchfield, K. (188.) 

Little Kanawha River, Va. 
(151.) 

Little Rock, capital of Ar- 
kansas, (242.) 

Lit. Egg Harbour, N. J. 
(158.) 

Lit. Prairie, Mo. (205.) 

Lit. Red R., Ark. (222.) 



L. Wabash R., Tl. (165.) 
Livingston, Miss. (280.) 
Lockport,N.Y. (55.) 
Loftus Heights, Miss. (295.) 
Logansports, Ind. (122) 
Logan C. H., Va. (193.) 
Logan, O. (150.) 
London, U. C. (52.) 
London, O. (149.) 
Long Pt., U. C. (56.) 
Long Pt., U. C. (76.) 
Long Lake, N. Y. (59.) 
Long Island, N. Y. (135.) 
L. I. Sound, N. Y. (110.) 
Long Branch, N.J. (135.) 
Long Bay, N. &. S. C. (275.) 
Longacoming, N. J. (158.) 
Lorain, N. Y. (58.) 
Louisiana, Mo. (141.) 



Louisiann, state of, (277,) is divided into 33 parishes ; 
had in 1830, 215,739 inhabitants, including 109,588 slaves. 
Area, 49,300 square miles. Capital and metropolis, 'New 
Orleans, lat. 30° N., long. 13° V W. General election, 
first Monday in July, biennially. Legislature meet, first 
Monday in January. Constitution formed, 1812. 

Government. — Governor — term of oflice four years — 
salary, $7,500 per annum. Secretary, treasurer, attorney 
general, and surveyor general. 

Legislature. — The legislative authority is vested in a 
senate and a house of represuntatives, styled the General 
Assembly of the state of Louisiana. The senators are 
elected for four years. Their number is 17. The repre- 
sentatives are elected for two years. Their number is at 
present 50. The elections are held on the first Monday, 
Tuesday, and Wednesday of July. The general assembly 
elect by joint ballot, for governor, one of the two who have 
received tiic highest number of the vlIcs of the people. 

Judiciary — The supreme coui t consists of three judges, 
who are appointed by the governor, with the advice and 
consent of the senate. This court has only appellate juris- 



LOUISIANA. 55 

diction. It sits in New Orleans for the eastern district, 
during- the months of November, December, January, Feb- 
ruary, March, April, May, June, and July. And for the 
western district, at Opelousas and Attakapas, during the 
months of August, September and October. 

Tiie criminal court of New Orleans has one judge. 

There are eight district courts, and nine judges. The 
district courts, with the exception of the first, hold in each 
parish, two sessions a year. 

The parish courts hold a regular session in each parish, 
.on the first Monday in every month. 

The courts in the first district, viz : the parish, district, 
^criminal and probate courts, are in session the whole year, 
excepting the months of July, August, September, and 
■October, in which months they hold special courts if neces- 
sary. 

Fhysicnl Strvcture. — There are three very distinct por- 
tions in this state, as it regards soil and surface. 1. The 
north-eastern part, or the countrj? lying cast of the Missis- 
sippi and north of Ponchartrain, Maurepas, and Ibberville 
outlet, embracing the parishes of east and west Feliciana, 
east Baton Rouge, Washington, St. Helena, and St. Tam- 
many, is hilly, of a sandy soil, covered with pine, possess- 
ing fine springs and a salubrious climate. The north- 
western portion of the state is also generally elevated, some 
of it very much so. 2. The south-western part, in the Op- 
elousas country, is covered with extensive prairies, of great 
fertility and generally level, or gently undulating. 3. The 
whole delta, or country lying between the Atchafalaya 
(ChafFalio) outlet on the west, and the Ibberville outlet with 
its continuation in lakes Maurepas, Ponchartrain and 
Borgne, on the east, is a dead level, and excepting along 
the margins the numerous rivers and streams of a variable 
width of from a quarter of a mile to a mile and more, is 
chiefly continuous swamps, covered with cypress, swamp 
oak, gum, &c. This is the character of much of the coun- 
try bordering the lower parts of the Red river, and the 
Ouachita, the Courtableau, and other streams. 

The whole southern line is a low marshy country, 
scarcely rising above the level of the ocean, and often over- 



56 



LOUISVILLE. 



flown by the tides. Rising in the most gradual manner, 
the norlli-western part even reaches the aspect of a moun- 
tainous character. The coast is lined with luw and sandy 
islands, separated from the main land by shallow bayous, 
or stagnant inlets, and covered with stinted live-oaks. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Red, Ouachita, Atchafalaya, 
Courtableau, Teche, La Fourche, Amite, &c. 

Productions. — Sugar and rice are the principal, cotton, 
Indian corn, fruits of various sorts. 

Towns. — New Orleans, Madisonville, St. Helena, Baton 
Rouge, St. Francisville, Franklin, St. Martinsville, Opelou- 
sas, Alexandria, Natchitoches, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — La Fourche Canal, extends 
from New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, entire length, inclu- 
ding the natural navigation, 85 miles. L. Veret Canal, 
extends from a point on the La Fourche, to Lake Veret, 
about 8 miles in length. Neio Orleans and Pontchartrain 
Canal, six miles in length, comn}ences at the S. W. part of 
the city, and intersects Lake Pontchartrain, west effort St. 
John. The Nei-o Orleans and Pontchartrain Rail Road, 
5 miles long. Several unimportant canals exist in the 
3neighbourhood of New Orleans and in the parishes border- 
ing on the Mississippi, these have been constructed by in- 
dividuals for private use. 

Louisville, K. (168), situated on the Ohio at the head of 
the falls ; is a place of considerable trade ; population at 
present, 17,000. The public buildings are a court house, 
market houses, eight or ten churches, high school, marine 
hospital, and several factories of iron, cotton, &c. 

ROUTES FROM LOUISVILLE. 



To Lexington, by Stage. 
Middlctown, 12 

Shelbyville, 20 32 

Frankfort, 21 53 

Lexington, 24 77 



To Nashville, Ten. by Stage. 
West Point, 21 

Elizabcthtown, 22 43 

Coombsville, 9 52 

Munfordsvillc, 21 73 

Glasgow, 19 93 





LOUISVILLE. 


57 


Scottsville, 


24 117 


To Hopkinsville 


, by Stage. 


Gallatin, 


20 137 


West Point, 


21 


Nashville, 


25 162 


Philadelphia, 


16 37 






Hardinsburg, 


22 59 


To India napolis, by Stage. 
New Albany, 3 
Greenville, 9 12 


Hartford, 

Greenville, 

Hopkinsville, 


36 95 
23 118 
27 145 


Salem, 


24 36 






Valona, 


19 55 


To Lexington, 


by Stage. 


Brownstown, 


3 58 


Middletown, 


12 


Columbus, 


25 83 


Shelby ville. 


20 32 


Edinburg-, 


12 95 


Frankfort, 


21 53 


Franklin, 


10 105 


Lees, 


12 65 


Indianapolis, 


20 125 


Lexington, 


12 77 


To Vincennes, 

New Albany, 


by Stage. 
3 


To Lexington, by 
Newcastle road. 


Rail Road. 
30 


Greenville, 


9 12 


Frankfort, 


31 61 


Fredericksburg, 


15 27 


Lees, 


12 73 


Paoli, 


18 45 


Lexington, 


12 85 


Mt. Pleasant, 


25 70 






Washington, 
Vincennes, 


]8 88 
20 108 


To Springfield, by Stage. 
Sheperdsville, 23 
Bardstown, 18 41 


To Cincinnati, 


by Stage. 


Fredericksburg, 


10 51 


Charleston, 
Bethlehem, 


13 
13 26 


Springfield, 


8 59 


New London, 


8 34 


To Pittsburg, by ^ 


Steam Boat. 


Madison, 


12 46 


West Point, 


23 


Aurora, 


31 77 


Madison, 


11 44 


Lawrencehurg, 


3 80 


Port William, 


13 57 


Cincinnati, 


23 103 


Vevay,_ 


10 67 






Fredericksburg, 


10 77 


To Troy, by Stage. 
New Albany, 3 


Lawrencehurg, 
Cincinnati, 


31 108 
24 132 


Corydon, 


16 19 


New Richmond, 


21 153 


Fredonia, 


16 35 


Point Pleasant, 


5 158 


Troy, 


28 63 


Augusta, 

Marysville, 

Portsmouth, 


15 173 

16 189 
46 235 



Oy LOU 




MAINE. 






Burling-ton, 


41 276 


Henderson, 


11 


199 


Gallipolis, 


4] 317 


Mt. Vernon, 


22 


221 


Leturts Rapids, 


32 349 


Carthage, 


12 


233 


Belville, 


30 379 


Shawneetown, 


19 


252 


Parkersburg, 


17 396 


Cave in Rock, 


20 


272 


Marietta, 


13 409 


Cumberland R., 


41 


313 


Wheeling, 


89 490 


Tennessee R., 


11 


324 


Steubenville, 


21 511 


America, 


36 


360 


Pittsburg-, 


70 581 


Mouth of Ohio, 


11 


371 






New Madrid, 


65 


436 


To New Orleans^ 


by Steam 


Little Prairie, 


30 


466 


Boat. 




Memphis, 


119 


585 


Northampton, 


42 


Arkansas R., 


172 


757 


Leavenworth, 


17 59 


Vicksburg, 


284 


1041 


Stephensport, 


33 92 


Natchez, 


103 


1144 


Rockport, 


53 145 


St. Francisville, 


139 


1283 


Ovvensburg-, 


8 153 


Baton Rouge, 


34 


1317 


Evansville, 


35 188 


New Orleans, 


131 


1418 



Louisville, G. (271.) 
Louisburg, N. C. (216.) 
Louisa, K. (171.) 
Lovelace, Lou. (295.) 
Lower Canada, (12.) 
Lower Marlboro, Md. (1 77.) 



M. 



Lucas, N. C. (256.) 
Lumberton, N. C. (255.) 
Lumpkin, G. (285.) 
Lynchburg, Va. (195.) 
Lynhaven Ba}', Va. (198.) 
Lyons, N. Y. (57.) 

Madison, T. (229.) 
Madison, G. (270.) 
Madison ville, K. (187.) 
Madisonville, T. (330.) 
Madisonville, Lou. (309. 



Machias, Me. (42.) 
Mackeysville, N. C. (2.32.) 
Macon', G. (287.) 
Madison, 11. (164.) 
Madison, Ind. (168.) 
Madison, Va. (175.) 

Maine, slate of, (18,) is divided into ten counties, and 
had, in 1830, a population of 399,462. Area, 38,250 square 
miles; capital, Augusta; metropolis, Portland; lat. 43° 
39' N. long. 6° 39' E. General elections, second Monday 
in September ; legislature meet first Wednesday in Jan- 
uary ; constitution formed, 1819. 

Government. — The governor is elected annually by the 
people, salary, $1,500; seven counsellors also elected an. 



MAINE. 59 

nually. The legislative power is vested in a "General 
Assembly," consisting of a senate and house of representa- 
tives, members of both elected annually by the people. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court consists of a chief justice, 
who receives a salary of $1,800, and two associate judges, 
salary $1,500 each. Court of common pleas, a chief justice 
and two associate justices, each receives $1,200 per an- 
num. 

Physical Structure. — The north-western border of this 
state consists of a series of steps or escarpments which fol- 
low each other in such rapid succession, as in some places 
to attain an elevation of nearly ^2000 feet in the space of 
a tew miles. This elevation continues with slights inter- 
ruptions along the entire line from the sources of the Con- 
ne^cticut to its termination in the north-east angle of the 
state. From these data it will be perceived that the coun- 
try, forms an inclined plane, having the atlantic coast for 
its limit towards the south-east. 'Ihis plane, however, is 
much broken by high hills and insulated mountain peaks ; 
examples are presented by Bald Ridge mountain, a spur 
from the main ridge ; Mt. Bigelow, Saddleback, Katawdin, 
and others ; some of these peaks are of great height, espe- 
cially the one last mentioned. The state may be divided 
into three grand sections ; the atlantic section is compara- 
tively level, being much intersected by lakes and other in- 
dications of a flat surfiice ; the second or middle section is 
hilly, and the third, or north-western part, is decidedly 
mountainous. 

Rivers. — Androscoggin, Kennebeck, Penobscot, St. 
Croix, St. Johns, Madawaska, Walloostook, &c. 

Productions. — Lumber, fish, pot and pearl ashes, small 
grain, provisions, &.c. 

Towns. — Portland, the metropolis ; Augusta, the capital ; 
York, Paris, Wiscasset, Bath, Hallowell, Castine, Belfast, 
Bangor, Machias, Eastport, Slc. &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Cumberland and Oxford Canal^ 
extends from Portland to Sebago Pond, 20^ miles, whence, 
by a lock in Songo river, the navigation is extended into 
and through Brandy and Long Ponds, a further distance of 
30 miles. 

Middlesex Canal^ see Massachusetts, (85.) 



60 



MARYLAND. 



Muscle Shoals Canal, see 

Alabama, (217.) 
Montague Canal, see Massa- 
chusetts, (84.) 
Mohawk and Hudson Rail 

Road, see N. York, (83.) 
Miami Canal, see O. (148.) 
Mauch Chunk Rail Road, 

see Fenn. (133.) 
Mount Carbon Rail Road, 

see Fenn. (l3"2.) 
Mill Creek Rail Road, see 

Fenn. (132.) 
Morris Canal, see N. Jersey, 

(134.) 
Manasquan Canal, see New 

Jersey, (158.) 
Monongahela Navigation, 

see Virginia, (152.) 
Manchester Rail Road, see 

Virginia, (IB?.) 
Malone, N. Y. (35.) 
Manaks, Ala. (264.) 
Manahawken, N. J. (158.) 
Manchester, Vt. (60.) 
Manchester, S. C. (273.) 
Manchester, K. (191.) 
Manlius,N. Y. (58.) 
Mansfield, O. (126.) 
Mansfield, N. J. (134.) 
Mine Hill Rail Road, see 

Pa. (132.) 



Mansfield, Va. (196.) 
Mantua, O. (101.) 
Mararnic, Mo. (183.) 
MaramicR., Mo.(l62.) 
Marathon, Ala. (247.) 
Marengo, Ala. (283.) 
Mariaville, Me. (41.) 
Marietta, O. (151.) 
Marion, lnd.( 123.) 
Marion, O. (125.) 
Marion, Mo. (161.) 
Marion, Ala- (283.) 
Marion, G. (267.) 
Marion C. H., S. C. (255.) 
MarksviUe, Lou. (294.) 
Marshville, Va. (152.) 
Marshallsville, Va. (216.) 
xMarthas Vineyard, Mass. 

(112.) 
Marthasville, Mo. (163.) 
Martinsburg, N. Y. (58.) 
Martinsburg, P. (130.) 
Martinsburg, Ind. (146.) 
Martinsburg, Va. (154.) 
Martinviile,N.C.(2l5.) 
Martinsville, Va. (215.) 
Martina, N.C. (213.) 
Martins, N.C. (214.) 
Marysville, O. (12.5.) 
Marysville, K. (169.) 
Marysville, T. (230.) 
Maryvilie, Va. (196.) 



Maryland, state of, (153,) is divided into 19 counties, and 
contained in 1830, 447,040 inhabitants, including 102,994 
slaves; area, 11,150 square rniles; capital, Annapolis; 
metropolis, Baltimore; lat. 39° 18' N. ; long. 0° 26' E. 
General election, first Monday in October for delegates, 
third -Vlonday in September, every filth year, lor electors of 
senators. Legislature meets, first Monday in December.,- 
Constitution formed, 1776. 



MARK^LAND. 61 

Government. — Governor elected by the General Assem- 
bly, term of office, one year, salary, $2666. Executive 
council, consisting of five members, chosen annually by the 
General Assembly on the first Tuesday in January. Sen- 
ate, consisting of 1.5 members, and house of delegates, 80 
members, called the General Assembly, meet on the last 
Monday in December at Annapolis, pay of member $4 a 
day, of the speakers, $5, each. Members of the senate, are 
elected every fifth year by electors chosen by the people, 
on the first Monday of September. The members of the 
house of delegates are elected annually by the people, on 
the first Monday of October. 

Judiciary. — Chancery court, chancellor $3,600 per an- 
num. Court of appeals, chief judge and four associate 
judges, who receive a salary of $i),200 each, and one for the 
city of Baltimore, who receives $3,000 per annum. Balti- 
more court, one chief judge, and associate judges ; salary 
of the former $2,400, of the two latter, 1,500 each. 

Physical Structure. — Eastern section, bordering on the 
Atlantic ocean and eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, level ; 
centre, hilly, gradually, increasing in elevation, until it 
meets the western section of the state, which presents little 
else than a succession of mountain ridges, extending from 
the iMonocacy to the western limits of the state. The Back 
Bone mountain, so called, the main ridge of the Alleghe^ 
neys, has a mean altitude of about 2,500 feet, and is the divid- 
ing ridge between the waters of the Atlantic and those run- 
ning into the Ohio. 

Rivers. — Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Susquehanna, 
■ Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nantikoke, &c. 

Productions. — Tobacco, wheat, some cotton, flax, hemp, 
&c. &c. 

Towns. — Baltimore, Annapolis, Frederick, Hagerstown, 
Rockville, Port Tobacco, Upper Marlboro, and on the east- 
ern shore, Elkton, Chester, Centreville, Easton, Cam- 
bridge, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — ChesopeaJce and Ohio Canal, 
extends from Georgetown to Pittsburg, length as proposed, 
341 J miles. A canal 9 miles long, leading from Alexan- 
dria to intersect the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, at George- 

6 



62 



MASSACHUSETTS. 



town is now constructing. (See District of Columbia.) 
Port Deposit Canal, is designed to overcome the rapids of 
the Susquehanna, above Port Deposit, length nearly 10 ms. 
Canal at Little Falls of Potomac, 2^ ms. long. Canal at 
Great Falls, built of stone, 1^200 yards long. Baltimore and 
Ohio Rail Road, extends from Baltimore to the Point of 
Rocks on the Potomac, 67 5-8 ms. from Baltimore. This road 
is to be continued to the Ohio river. A road of a single 
track extends from the main line to Frederick, 3 J ms. Bal- 
timore and Susquehanna Rail Road, commenced in 1830, is 
to extend to York, Pa. ; length, when completed, 76 ms. An- 
other rail road is projected, to extend from Baltimore to 
the Susquehanna at Port Deposit, and thence to unite with 
the Oxford Rail Road of Pa., which intersects the Colnm- 
bia Rail Road, about 40 ms. from Philadelphia. Baltimore 
and Washington Rail Road, length 37 3-4 miles; this 
work is now completed. 

Mason's N. C. (233.) Maysville, Va. (196.) 

Massachusetts, state of, (83,) is divided into 14 counties. 
Population in 1830, 610,014. Area, 8750 square miles. 
Capital and metropolis, Boston, Lat. 42== 22' N. Long. 5° 
57' E. General election for governor and senators, first 
Monday in April; for representatives, in May. Legislature 
meet, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1780. 

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary 
$3,666 67. Lieutenant Governor $533 33. Secretary of com- 
monwealth, and state treasury, each $-2,000; adjutant 
general, $1,500, who are chosen by joint ballot, from the 
senators, and nine counsellors ; each holds his office for one 
year. Legislature, styled the General Court, is composed 
of a Senate snd House of Representatives. Members of 
the senate are elected annually on the first Monday in 
April ; the representatives are elected annually in May. 

Judiciary. — The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme 
Court, and a Court of Common Pleas, and such others as 
the General Court may establish. The judges are appoint- 
ed by the governor and senate, and hold their offices during 
goo(i behaviour. 

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is 
generally level, with occasionally an isolated hill. In the 
central part, between Worcester and the valley of the Coa- 



MASSACHUSETTS. 63 

necticut, those hills occur at frequent intervals, until pass- 
ing- to the westward, the lands increase in elevation, and 
assume the aspect of a mountain region. 

The mean elevation of Berkshire, the extreme western 
county of the state, is not less than 1000 feet above tide. 
This portion is studded with innumerable hills and moun- 
tain peaks, some of which rise to a height of 3000 feet above 
their bases. 

Rivers. — Housatonic, Connecticut, Pawtucket, Charles, 
Merrimack, &.c. 

Productions. — Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats barley, peas, 
beans, flaxseed, &c. 

Towns.— Boston, the capital; Salem, Newburyport, Low- 
ell, Worcester, Springfield, Northampton, Greenfield, Pitts- 
field, and many extensive towns and villages. 

Internal Improvements. — Middlesex CanaZ, extends from 
Boston to Chelmsford. Length 27 miles. Pawtucket Ca- 
nal, in the town of Lowell, is used both for navigation and 
for manufacturing purposes, length IJ miles. Blackstone 
Canal, extends from Providence, R. I., to Worcester, Mass. 
length, 45 miles. Hampshire and Hampden Canal, see 
Connecticut. Montague Canal, near the Montague falls in 
Connecticut river, 3 miles long. South Hadley Canal, 
around the S. H. falls in the Connecticut, length 2 miles. 
Worcester Rail Road, 43 miles in length. It is proposed to 
continue this road to the Connecticut, and to construct a 
branch to Milberry. Boston and Providence Rail Road, 
length, 43 miles. Boston and Lowell Rail Road, length 25 
miles, now in progress. Quincy Rail Road, used for trans- 
porting granite from the quarry in Quincy to Neponsct 
river, length 3 miles, branches 1 mile. 
Massacre I„ Ala. (31L) M'Minnville, T. (229.) 

Mathews C. H., Va. (198.) M'Kinstry, S. C. (254.) 
Mauch Chunk, P. (133.) M'Catteums, S. C. (254.) 

Maumee, O. (99.) M'Gees, Miss. (265.) 

Maumee R., O. (98.) M'Conns Bluff, Ala. (266.) 

M'Connelsville, O. (151 .) M'Clair, Miss. (280.) 

M'Connelstown, P. (154.) M'Intoshs, (G.) (286.) 
M'Leansboro, II. (165.) M'Intosh C. H.,G. (305.) 

M'Neilles, N. C. (235.) M'Daniels, Lou. (307.) 



64 MEA MIGHIGAW. 

Meadville, F. (102.) Mercersbur^, P. (154.) 
Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.) MeridianviUe, Ala. (248.) 

Medina, O. (100.) Merrittsville, S. C. (232.) 

Medvvav, Me. (85.) Metcalf boro, T. (229.) 

Meigsville, O. (151.) Mexico, Mo. (162.) 

Memphis, T. (224.) Micanopy, F. (329.) 

Meredith, N. Y. (82.) Miccoton, F. (316.) 
Mercer, P. (102.) 

Michigan Territory, (2?,) is divided into 40 counties, in- 
cluding those in the district of Huron, or Wisconsin. Pop- 
ulation in 1830, 31,639. Area, 158,975 square miles. Cap- 
ital and metropolis, Detroit, I.at. 42° 20' N. ; Long. 60° 10' 
W. The executive and judicial officers are chosen by the 
president and senate of the United States. 

Government. — Governor, appointed by the president — 
salary, $2,000 ; secretary, do. salary, $1,000. The legisla- 
tive couucil is elected by tlie people ; they continue in office 
two years. Their present number is 13. 

Judiciary. — There are four judges, who hold courts in 
the several counties — salary of each, $1,200. They are ap- 
pointed by the president with the consent of the senate. 

In 1820, the population of Michigan, including the Hu- 
ron District, was 8856; in 1830, including the same dis- 
trict, it was 31,639. But exclusive of Huron, the peninsula 
of Micliigan, to which the name of Michigan is commonly 
confined, contained in 1830, 27,378 inhabitants. The num- 
ber is now not short of 40,000 ; and is rapidly increasing 
by reason of the great tide of emigration which has been 
setting into that territory during the last two years. 

Physical Structure. — The southern part of this territory 
is very level, or gently undulating. The northern part is 
more uneven. Along the shore of Huron there are, in pla- 
ces, very high bluffs ; and along the east shore of Lake 
Michigan, are in many places, immense hills of pure sand 
of from fifty to several hundred feet in height, which have 
been blov/n up by the almost constant western winds, 
sweeping over the lake and the sandy margin on its east- 
ern side. 

i^juers.— Maumee, Raisin, Huron, Clinton, Black, Sag- 



MIC Mississirpi. 65 

inaw, Traverse, Monistic, White, Maskegon, Kallemazoo, 
St. Josephs, &c. 

Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat; potatoes, 
and every variety of similar vegetables, grow here in great 
abundance. 

Towns. — Detroit, Monroe, Frenchtown, Erovvnstown, 
Pontiac, Ann Arbour, Byron, Montcalm, Niles, Newbury- 
port, Saginaw, Mackinaw, &.c. 

Michigan, Ind. (96.) Milford, P. (108.) 

Middle T., Mich. (71.) Milledgeville, capital of 
Middle T., N. J. (134.) Geo. (270.) 

Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131.) 

Middle T., O. (149.) Millgrove, S. C. (274.) 

Middle T., Pa. (1 32.) Millhaven, G. (289.) 

Middle T , K. (168.) Millheim, Pa, (131.) 

Middletown, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va. (175.) 

Middletown, Con. (110.) Millville, N. J. (158.) 

Middletown, Va. (154.) Millers, Ala. (248.) 

Middleton, Pa. (128.) Milton, Vt. (36.) 

Middlebury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. H. (62.) 

Middleburn, Va. (152.) Milton, P. (106.) 

Middleboro, Mass. (112.) Mineral point, Mich. (67.) 

Mifflin, Pa. (131.) Mines, lead. Mo. (184.) 

Mikasukie, F. (316.) Miriam, Ind. (145.) 

10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi R., (92.) 
Milford, D. (178.) 

Mississippi, state of, (243,) is divided into 42 counties. 
Population, 1830, 136,621^ including 65,659 slaves. Area 
47,680 square miles. Capital, Jackson, metropolis, Natchez, 
Lat.3lo 35' N. Long. 14° 33' E. General election, first 
Monday in August. Legislature meets, first Monday in 
November. Constitution formed, 1817. 

Government. — -The governor is elected for two years — 
sialary $2,500 per annum. The secretary of state, treasurer, 
and auditor receives each $1,200 per annum, and the attor- 
ney-general $1000. 

The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of 
rfjpresentatives, styled The General AssemUy of the state of 
6* 



6Q MISSISSIPPI. 

Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for 
three years, and the representatives annually. The num- 
ber of the representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more 
than 100, as soon as the free population shall amount to 
80,000. The senate cannot consist of less than one fourth, 
nor more than one third, as many as there are representa- 
tives. The general election for the state takes place on the 
first Monday and Tuesday of August. The General As- 
sembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in 
November. 

Judiciary. — The Court of Chancery. Chancellor's sal- 
ary $2,000. 

The supreme court consists of a chief justice and five 
associate judges — the salary of each $2,000. The state is 
divided into six districts, in which the judges of the su- 
preme court severally hold circuit courts. These courts 
have original jurisdiction in cases where the sum in dispute 
exceeds $50 ; and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of 
justices of the peace, where the sum exceeds $20. They ■ 
have also criminal jurisdiction. The county of Adams has 
a separate criminal court, whose jurisdiction however, does 
not supersede that of the circuit court. 

Every organized county has a probate court, and a coun- 
ty court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is 
the presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of of- 
fences committed by slaves, &lc. The judges hold their 
offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 
years. 

Imprisonment for debt is not allowed in this state, except 
in cases of a debtor who fraudulently withholds his property 
from his creditors. 

Physical Structure. — Along the Mississippi river, at va- 
rious distances, there is a line of bluffs, of from 50 to 150 
feet in height. The portions which are contiguous to the 
river, are called by different names, such as Walnut Hills, 
Grand Gulf-bluffs, Natchez Bluffs, White Cliffs, and Lof- 
tus' Heights, &c. 

The country beyond these bluffs spreads out into a high, 
beautiful and fertile table-land, gently undulating and pro- 
ductive. 



MISSISSIPPI. MISSOURI. 67 

Beyond the fertile belt of land, there stretches from 
south to north, and reaches eastward to the Alabama line, 
an extensive district of country, of various soils, but pos- 
sessing much that is alluvial and fertile. 

The southern, middle, and northern parts of this state, 
may be said to be beautifully undulating, with numerous 
ravines and streams. 

In its natural state, in which almost the entire state still 
is, it was covered with a vast forest of oak, hickory, mag- 
nolia, sweet gum, ash, maple, yeliow poplar ; cypress in the 
swampy alluvial Mississippi bottoms, pine, holly, &c. &c., 
with a great variety of underwood, grape vines, pawpaw, 
spice wood, &c. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Yazoo, Tombeckbee, Yellowbusha, 
Buffalo, Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitte, Amite, 
Pearl, Pascagoula, &c. 

Productions. — Cotton, tobacco, corn, sugar, the orange, 
fig, and fruits are abundant. 

Towns. — .Tackson, the capital, Natchez, Monticello, Port 
Gibson, Shieldsboro, Greenville, Winchester, Washington, 
Vicksburg, Warrenton, &LC. 

Internal Improvement. — St. Francisville and Woodville 
Rail Road, 26 miles in length. Vichsburg and Clinton 
Rail Road, length 37 miles (proposed.) 

Missisinewa, Ind. (123.) 

Missouri, state of, (115), is divided into 54 counties, and 
had, in 1830 a population of 140,455, including 25,091 
slaves. Area, 65,500 square miles; capital, Jefferson; 
metropolis, St. Louis; lat. 38° 37' N., long. 13° 14' E.; 
general election, first Monday in August, biennially; 
legislature meet, first Monday in November, every second 
year ; constitution formed, 1820. 

Government. — Governor, terra of ofSce four years — 
salary $1,500 per annum. Lieutenant governor is presi- 
dent of the senate. 

Legislature. — The legislative power is vested in a Gene- 
ral Assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of repre- 
sentatives. The members of the former body are elected 



68 



MISSOURI. 



for four years ; the members of the latter, for two years. 
Every county is entitled to one representative ; but the 
whole number can never exceed 100 inembers. The 
senators are chosen by districts. The constitutional num- 
ber is not less than 14 nor more than 33. The present 
number of senators is ]8 and of representatives 49. 

The elections for senators and representatives are held 
biennially, and for governor, and lieutenant governor, once 
in four years, on the first Monday in August. 

The legislature meets every second year (at the city of 
Jefferson,) on the first Monday in November. 

Judiciary. — The judicial power is vested in a supreme 
court, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as 
the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. 

The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with 
the consent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during 
good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years. 

The supreme court consists of a presiding judge and 
two associate judges; the salary of each ^1,100 per an- 
num. 

There are five circuit courts and as many judges. The 
salary of each is 81,000 per annum. 

Physical Structure. — The surface of this state is greatly 
diversified. The alluvial bottoms are level. In tlie middle 
part rises a hilly region, extending from St. Genevieve 
south-westward into Arkansas, and is the commence- 
ment of the Ozark Mountains of that territory. The 
northern part is undulating, but no Vv^here approaching 
what may, with propriety, be called mountainous. Ex- 
tensive prairies stretch out in tlie western and northern 
parts of this state. Even the St. Genevieve hills are 
marked with this character, and have tiic appearance, in 
places, of extensive uncultivated fields. The mine region, 
which lies about 70 milts south-west of St. Louis, is hilly, 
and a considerable portion of the state lying south of the 
Missouri and Osage rivers, is of the same character, and 
is in many places, marked with flint knobs of considerable 
elevation. The country between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri rivers is delightfully undulating and variagated. The 



MISSOURI. MOBILE. 



69 



prairies, which are of variable widths, are generally fertile* 
The Mississippi is skirted with many rich alluvial prairies, 
as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Missouri, Osage, Meramec, St. 
Francis, White, &c. 

Towns. — Jefferson, the capital ; St. Louis, New Madrid, 
Perryville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Pal- 
myra, Hannibal, Wyaconda, St. Charles, Florissant, Frank- 
lin, Booneville, Chariton, &c. 

Productions. — Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, to- 
bacco, hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. 
The forests consist of the oak, black and white walnut, 
yellow poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree, 
cypress, yellow pine, cedar, <S6c. 

Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.) 

Missouriton, (139.) 

^ Mobile, Ala. (311,) the seat of justice for Mobile county, 
has a population of about 4,000 ; several handsome churches, 
cathedral, &c., and is a place of considerable trade. 

ROUTES FROM MOBILE. 



To Neio Orleans. 
Springhill, by stage, 6 

Portersville, 24 30 

(Thence to New Orleans 

by steam boat and rail 

road, 123 miles.) 

To Montgomery, by Stage. 

Taitsville, 35 

Burnt Corn, 52 87 

Fort Dale, 45 ]32 

Montgomery, 48 180 

To Leakesville, by Stage. 
Escatappa R., 28 

Chickasawhay R., 20 48 



Leakesville, 


11 59 


To Tuscaloosa, 


by Stage. 


Florida, 


31 


Dumfries, 


15 46 


St. Stephens, 


24 70 


Clarksville, 


14 84 


Chocktawcorner, 


28 112 


Whitehall, 


40 152 


Greensboro, 


25 177 


Tuscaloosa, 


31 208 


To Tuscaloosa, 


by Steam 


Boat. 




Fort Stoddart, 


47 


Dumfries, 


15 62 



70 


MONTREAL. 




St. Stephens, 


31 93 


Washington, 


16 291 


CofFeeville, 


18 111 


Montgomery, 


10 301 


Demopolis, 


87 J 98 






Erie, 


30 228 


To Pensacola, by 


Steam 


Tuscaloosa, 


57 285 


Boat. 








Dog R, 


10 


To Montgomery, 


by Steam 


Fowl R., 


6 16 


Boat. 




Fort Bowyer, 


18 34 


Tombeckbe R., 


51 


Perdido R., 


30 64 


Fort Mimms, 


8 59 


Barancas, 


15 79 


Claiborne, 


45 104 


Pensacola, 


10 89 


Black BlufF, 


26 130 






Canton, 


50 180 


To Pensacola, by Stage, Sfc. 


Portland, 


14 194 


Blakely, by Steam B. 11 


Cahawba, 


22 216 


Bellefontaine, by 




Selma, 


15 231 


Stage, 


26 37 


Vernon, 


44 275 


Pensacola, 


37 74 



Mobile Bay, Ala. (311.) 
Mobile Pt., Ala. (312.) 
Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.) 
Monks Corner, N. C. (273.) 
Monroe, Mich. (99.) 
Monroe, O. (100.) 
Monroe, G. (-270) 
Monroe, T. (209.) 
Montaug Pt., N. Y. (HI.) 
Montcalm, Mich. (72.) 
Montezuma, N. Y. (57.) 
Montezuma, Ala. (300.) 
Montevalo, Ala. (267.) 



Montgomery, N. Y. (108.) 
Montgomery, T. (210.) 
Montgomery, Ala. (284.) 
Monticello, N. Y. (108.) 
Monticello, K. (210.) 
Monticello, G. (270.) 
Monticello, Miss. (296.) 
Monticello, Ala. (301.) 
Monticello, F. (316.) 
Montpelier, capital of Ver- 
mont, (37.) 
Montpelier, Ala, (312.) 



Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British 
America ; by the census of 1825 it conlained 24,767 in- 
habitants, this number has greatly increased since that 
time, and now probably amounts to 30,000. The chief 
objects of interest in and about Montreal, are " the moun- 
tain," new cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, 
baths, &c., in St. Paul's street, masonic hall, theatre, Nel- 



MONTREAL. 



71 



son's monument, convents, seminary of St. Sulpiefe and seve- 
ral churches, public walks, &c. (See map of Montreal.) 

ROUTES FROM MONTREAL. 



To Quebec by Steam Boat, 
(the distances by land are 
nearly the same.) 

St. Sulpice by Stage, 



La Valtrie, 

La Noraye, 

William Henry, 

Three Rivers, 

Gentilly, 

St. Anne, 

Pt. aux Trembles, 

Quebec, 



5 
10 
11 
43 



14 110 

15 125 

38 163 
17 180 



To Albany by Steam Boat. 

and Stage. 
La Prairie, by Stage, 



o 
£ 

W 



m 



f St. Johns, 

Isle au Noix, 

Chazy, 

Plattsburg, 

S. Hero, 
■^ Burlington, 

Essex, 

Bason Harbor, 

Crown Pt. 

Ticonderoga, 

Whitehall, 
rFort Ann, 

Sandy Hill, 
J Fort Miller, 
] Stillwater, . 
I Troy, 
(^Albany, 



17 
9 

15 
14 

8 

9 

15 



9 104 
12 116 
14 130 
23 153 
14 167 

9 176 
11 187 
18 205 
14 219 

6 225 



To Boston, by Stage, via 

Burlington, Vt. 

St. Johns, 25 

Phillipsburg, 23 48 

St, Albans, 16 64 

Milton, 13 77 

Burlington, 12 89 

Riclimond, 14 103 

Montpelier, 26 129 

Chelsea, 24 153 

Dartmouth Col. 25 178 

Shaker's Vil. 11 189 

Andover, 22 211 

Concord, N. H. 24 235 

Hookset Falls, 8 243 

Londonderry, 19 262 

Andover, 20 282 

Boston, 21 303 



To the Falls of Niagara, hy 

Steam Boaty ^c. 

La Chine, 8 

Cascades, 16 24 

Les Cedres, 7 31 

Coteau du Lac, 7 38 

Lake St. Francis, 4 42 

Head of ditto. 22 64 

Cornwall, 6 70 

Long Saut I. 10 80 

Chrysler's field, 17 97 

Hamilton, 1 98 

Prescot, 18 116 

Elizabethtown, 14 130 

Kingston, 48 178 

Oswego, 59 236 



73 



MON 



NAS 



Coburg-, 


74 310 


Niagara Vil. 


30 442 


Port Hope, 


36 346 


Qupenston, 


7 449 


Toronto (York), 


66 412 


Falls of Niagara, 


6 455 



Montrose, Pa. (1C7.) 
Morristown, N. J. (134.) 
Mooneys, Ark. (243.) 
Moore, N. C. (256.) 
Moorfield, O. (127.) 
Moorfield!?, Va. (153.) 
Moosehead Lake, Me, (19.) 
Moscow, Mo. (162.) 
Moosetocniaguntic Lake, 

Me. (39.) 
Moundville, Mich. (44.) 
Mount Holly, N. J. (158.) 
Mount Joliet, II. (94.) 
M'Coy, Mich. (48.) 
Mt. Clemen, xMich. (74.) 
Mt. Desert, Id. Me. (41.) 
Mt. Maria, Pa. (107.) 
Mt. Pleasant, K. (211.) 
Mt. Carmel, II. (166.) 
Mt. Sterling, K. (170.) 
Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.) 
Mt. Vernon, Me. (39.) 
Mt. Vernon, O. (126.) 
Mt. Vernon, 11. (165.) 

Nacogdoches, (292.) 
Nantucket, Mass. (112.) 
Nantucket I., Mass. (112) 
Natches, Miss. (295.) 



Mt. Vernon, Va. (176.) 
Mt. Vernon, K. (190.) 
Moscow, Mo. (163.) 
Mullins Ford, G. (251.) 
Munfordsville, K. (189.) 
Monroe, Lou. (278.) 
Munrows, N. C. (235.) 
Munsee, T., In. (123.) 
Murfreesboro, T. (223.) 
Murcellas,G. (305.) 
Murphy, N. C. (215.) 
Muskingum R., O. (127.) 
Miamisport, Ind. (123.) 
Miami R, O. (148.) 
MaysviUe, K. (170.) 
Maysville,Va. (196.) 
Morgan, N. C. (256.) 
Morganficld, K. (187.) 
Morgan town, Va. (152.) 
Morgantown, K. (188.) 
Morganton, N. C. (233.) 
Morganville, Va. (196.) 
Moulton, Ala. (247.) 



N. 



Natchitoches, Lou. (293) 
Natural Bridge, Va. (195.) 
Natural Bridge, Va. (212.) 
Natural Bridge, F. (314.) 

Nashville, T. (208.) The capital and most important 
town in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remark- 
ably beautiful city. Population about 8,000. The public 
buildings are : a court-house, market-house, college, aca- 
demy, baptist, presbyterian and episcopalian churches, 



NASHVILLE. 



73 



penitentiary, water-works, by which the city is supplied 
with water ii"om the Cumberland, &c. 

ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE. 



To Florence, Al 


.by 


Stage. 


To Lexington, K 


by Stage. 


Franidin, 




18 


Haysboro, 


6 


Columbia, 




23 41 


Franklin, K. 


29 35 


Mt. Pleasant, 




11 52 


Bovvlinggreen, 


22 57 


Lavvrenceburg, 




22 74 


Monroe, 


51 108 


Florence, 




41 115 


New Market, 
Harrodsburg, 


31 139 
34 173 


To Mp-mphis, 


^y 


Stage. 


Lexington, 


29 202 


Charlotte, 




39 






Reynoldsburg, 




39 78 


To New Orleans, 


by Steam 


Huntingdon, 




29 107 


Boat. 




Jackson, 




38 145 


Hillsboro, 


20 


Bolivar, 




28 173 


Clarkesville, 


49 69 


Soinmerville, 




24 197 


Palmyra, 


6 75 


Memphis, 




43 240 


Dover, 


32 107 




- 




Eddy.ville, 


55 162 


7b KnoxvUle, 


by 


Stage. 


Ohio River, 


41 203 


Lebanon, 




28 


America, 


47 250 


Alexandria, 




18 46 


Memphis, 


225 475 


Liberty, 




8 51 


Vicksburg, 


456 931 


Sparta, 




32 86 


Natchez, 


103 1034 


Crab Orchard, 




38 1-24 


New Orleans 


304 1338 


1^1 n fT'Stnn 




20 144 
23 167 






Loveville, 




To Louismlle, by Steam 


Knoxville, 




14 181 


Boat. 










Ohio River, as above, 203 


To Hantsville 


,bij 


Stage. 


Rock Haven, 


a4 237 


Nolensvilie, 




17 


Shawneetown, 


27 264 


Gideonville, 




21 38 


Carthage, 


19 283 


Fannington, 




12 50 


Mt. Vernon, 


12 2)5 


Fayetteville, 




27 77 


Hendersonville, 


27 317 


Hazel Green, 




17 94 


Rock port. 


54 371 


Huntsville, 




12 106 


Leavenworth, 
Louisville, 


86 457 
59 516 



74 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



New Orleans and LaJce 
Poritchartrain Canal, see 
Louisiana, (309.) 

New Orhnns and Pontchar- 
train Rail Road, see Lou- 
isiana, (309.) 

North West Canal, see N. 
Carolina, (218.) 

Newcastle and Frenchtown, 
Rail Road, see Delaware, 
(157.) 

New Jersey Rail Road, see 
New Jersey, (,134.) 

Nash C. H.,N.C. (236.) 

Nashua, N.H. (85.) 

Nauyaucau, Ala. (268.) 

Nelson, K. (169.) 

Nelson's Ferry, S. C. (273.) 

Neuson, S. C. (255.) 



Neuse Rivsr, N. C. (236.) 
New Alexandria, P. (129.) 
Newark, O. (126.) 
Newark, N. J. (134.) 
New Berlin, Pa. (131.) 
New Berlin,, N.Y. (81.) 
New Bedford Mass. (112.) 
Newbcrne, N. C. (237.) 
Newberry, S. C, (253.) 
Newburn, Va. (194.) 
Newburg, N. Y. (108.) 
Newburyport, Mass. (86) 
Newburyport, Mich. (70.) 
Newcastle, Pa. (102.) 
Newcastle, Ind. (147.> 
New Castle, K. ( 1 68.) 
New Castle, D. (157.) 
New Columbia, Miss. (297.)^ 
Newcomers O. (127.) 



N. Geneva, Pa. (153.) 
New Hampshire (62,) is divided into eight counties. 
Population, in 1830, 269,533, Area, 9,200 square miles. 
Capital, Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43° 04' N. 
long. 6° 11' E. General election, second Wednesday in 
March. Legislature meet, first Wednesday in June. Con- 
stitution formed, 1792. 

Government. — Governor, salary, $1,200. Five counselw 
lors, all elected annually. The legislative power is vested 
in a senate and house of representatives, called, jointly. The 
General Couj t. The members of both are elected annually 
by the people, on the second Tuesday in March. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court, consists of one chief justice, 
salary $1400, and two associate judges, $1200 each. Court 
of common pleas, chief justice $1200, and associates $1000 
each. 

Physical Structure. — Within twenty or twenty-five 
miles of the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central 
part of the state it becomes hilly, with an occasional moun- 
tain peak or spur, from the elevated region in the north. 
All above is mountainous, having the White Hills, Moose- 



NEW HAVEN. 



75 



hillock, Monadnuc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other 
mountains, which impart to the entire north half of the 
state, a rugged and broken aspect. 

Rivers. — Connecticut, Merriinac, Androscoggin, Saco, 
Piscataqua, &.C. 

Towns. — Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Do- 
ver, Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Clareinont, 
Haverhill, Plymouth, Lebanon, &c. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, stock, 
provisions, &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Bow Canal, near Concord, 
around Bow falls, three quarters of a mile long. Hookset 
Canal, at the Hookset fall of Merrimac, 825 feet in length. 
Amoskeig Canal, at the falls of Amoskeigin the Merrimac. 
Union Canal, passes seven falls in the Merrimac ; length, 
including pools, nine miles. 

New Haven, O. (100.) 

Nevsr Haven, C. (liO,) one of the capitals of the state of 
Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large open square 
in the centre of ihe town, stands the public buildings, state- 
house, Yale college, and several very handsome churches. 
The other places worthy of attention, are, the observatory, 
museum, alms-house, and various factories, and the ceme- 
tery. 

ROUTES FROxM NEW HAVEN. 



To New York by Stage 




To New York bij 


Steam 


Milford, 




11 


Boat. 




Stratford, 


5 


16 


Black Rock, 


23 


Black Rock, 


6 


22 


Southport 


5 23 


South port. 


5 


27 


Oldwell, 


8 36 


Saugatuck, 


4 


.31 


Stamford Harb. 


8 44 


Norvvalk, 


4 


35 


West Greenwich, 


8 52 


Stamford, 


9 


44 


New York, 


35 87 


West Greenwich, 


7 


51 






Rye, 


4 


55 


To Providence, by 


Steam 


Mamaronec, 


6 


61 


Boat. 




W. Chester, 


8 


69 


Faulkners Island, 


16 


New York, 


15 


84 


Connecticut River, 
New London Harb. 


19 35 

14 49 



76 NEW HAVEN. 




NEW JEESEY. 


(thence to N. London 




To Hartford, 


by Stage. 


4 miles.) 






North Haven, 


5 


Point Judith, 


35 


84 


WalliiJgford, 


9 14 


Newport, 


14 


98 


Mcriden, 


4 18 


Pawtuxct, 


20 


118 


Worthington, 


6 24 


Providence, 


5 


123 


Newington, 


6 £0 








Hartford, 


6 36 


To Danhiry, by Stage. 




— 


Derby, 




10 


To Hartford via Middle- 


Housatonic Ferry, 


3 


13 


town. 


New Strafford, 


4 


17 


Northford, 


10 


Newton, 


8 


25 


Durham, 


8 18 


Danbury, 


9 


34 


Middlctown, 


7 25 








Stepney, 


8 33 


To Granby, by Canal 




Hartford, 


8 41 


East Plains, 




6 




- 


Hamden, 


2 


8 


To Newport^ 


by Stage. 


Cheshire, 


8 


16 


Branfbrd, 


8 


Soulhington, 


6 


22 


Guilford, 


10 18 


Farmington, 


11 


33 


E. Guilford, 


4 22 


Northington, 


7 


40 


VVestbrook, 


9 31 


Sinishury, 


7 


47 


Connecticut R., 


6 37 


Granby, 


5 


52 


New London, 


17 54 








Mystic, 
Newport, 


8 62 
39 101 



New Hope, Pa. (134.) 

New Ipswich, N. 11.(85.) 



Ncwinlet, N.C. (239.) 
New Iberia, Lou. (322.) 



New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 14 counties. 
Population in 1830, S20,779, including 2,446 slaves. Area, 
7,500 square miles. Capital Trenton ; mefropoiis, New- 
ark, lat. 40° 44' N. long. 2° 45' E. General election, se- 
cond Tuesday in Octuber. Legislature meets, fourth 
Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1776. 

Government. — Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote 
of the council and assembly ; salary |2,000 per annum ; he 
is president of the council. The governor, in conjunction 
with the council, lonn a court of appeals. Legislature is 
composed of a legislative council, consisting of 14 members, 



NEW JERSEY. 



77 



and general assembly 50 members ; the members of both 
houses are elected annually. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, 
salary $1200 per annum, and two associate judges, $1,100 
per annum each. The judges are appointed by the legisla- 
ture ; those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, 
and those of the inferior courts for five years. 

Physical Structure. — All that part of the state which lies 
south of a line extending from Bordentown to Araboy, is 
level, partly composed of sea-sand, which is entirely desti- 
tute of vegetation. Immediately north of this line, an im- 
provement in the surface and general character of the soil 
becomes visible ; hiUs appear in rapid succession, forming 
steps up to the elevated region in Morris and Sussex coun- 
ties. These, and the adjoining counties, are much broken 
by the ridges of the Allegheny mountains, which intersect 
.this part of the state, ranging in a direction from north-east 
io south-west. 

Rivers. — Delaware, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Millstone, 
•Hackensack, Schencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, 
Maurice, Rancocus, Musconecung, Pawlings, <fcc. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat, &-C, 

Towns. — Newark, Paterson, New Brunswick, Trenton, 
Elizabethtown, Belvedere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, 
Mount Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &.c. 

Internal Improvements. — Delaware and Raritan Canal^ 
commences at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, 
and along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New 
Brunswick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder, 24 
miles long, has been constructed along the east bank of the 
Delaware, intersecting the main trunk in the city of Tren- 
ton. — Morris Canal, commences at Jersey City, t»pposite 
New York, and terminates on the Delaware at Phillips- 
burg, opposite Easton. Length 101 miles. — Salem Canal^ 
extends from Salem creek to the Delaware. Length four 
miles. — Manasquam and Barnegat Canal (proposed). — 
Washington Canal, cuts off a considerable bend in Mano- 
lapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washington to 
the Raritan river. Lengthione mile. — Camden and Am- 
boy Rail Road, commences at Camden, opposite Philadel- 



78 



NEW ORLEANS. 



phia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length 61 milee. 
— Paterson and Hudson River- Rail Rood, from Jersey- 
city opposite New York to Paterson, on the Passiac. Length 
16 30-100 miles. Ii is proposed to extend this road to the 
Morris canal. New Jersey Rail Road, commences on the 
last mentioned rail road, about two miles from Jersey City 
and terminates at New Brunswick, length 28 miles. 

New Echota, G. (249.) New Milford, Con. (1 09.) 

New London, Con. (HO.) Newmarket, Va. (175.) 



New London, Mo. (141.) 
New licxington, Ind. (1G8.) 
New Lisbon, O. (l28.) 
New Lebanon, N. C. (218.) 



New Madrid, Mo. (205.) 
New Mexico, Miss. (279.) 
New Portland, M. (.39.) 
New Richmond, O. (150.) 



New Orleans, L. (324 ) The great commercial emporeum 
of the Mississippi valley, was founded in 1719, and has 
about 60,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest 
are the catliedral in Chartres street, College in St Cloude 
street, Ursuline Convent in Ursuline street, Orleans theatre 
St. Anne street, theatre of St. Philip in St. Philip street, 
city hall Conde street, churches, almshouse, &c. Five 
miles below the centre of the city is the ground, rendered 
memorable by the battle of the 8th of January, 1815. 

ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 



To Louisville by Steam Boat. 


St. Francisville 




Arnauds Point, 




13 


and Pt. Coupee, 


10 159 


Red Church, 


9 


22 


Tunica, 


27 186 


Destretch.ens Pt. 


12 


34 


Red River, 


22 208 


Bonnet Q. Bend, 


2 


36 


Fort Adams, 


9 217 


B. Quarre Church, 


5 


41 


Homochitto R. 


10 227 


Cantrels Do- 


19 


60 


White Cliffs, 


27 254 


Bringicrs, 


8 


68 


Natchez, 


17 271 


Hamptons, 


5 


73 


Coles Creek, 


22 293 


DonaldsonviHe 


5 


78 


Rodney, 


19 312 


St. Gahriels, 


24 102 


Bruinsburg, 


4 316 


Plaquemine 


6 


108 


Chitteloosa and 




Baton Rogue, 


18 


j26 


Big Black River 


14^330 


Thomas Pt. 


11 


137 


Pt. Pleasant, 


10 340 


Thompsons Cr, 


J2 149 


Palmyra, 


13 353 



ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 



79 



Warrenton, 14 

Vicksburg, 10 

Yazoo River, 12 

Tompkins, 32 

Providence, 26 

Princeton, 8 

Old River, 48 

Pt. Chicot, 12 

Arkansas River, 59 

White R. 9 

Helena, 60 

St. Francis I. 14 

35° N. Lat. 48 

Noncona R. 10 

Memphis, 4 

Greenock, 12 

3rd Chickasaw Bluff, 

18 

Randolph, 12 

Fulton, 6 

PlumPt. 11 

Necdhams Cut-ofF, 26 

Little Prairie 20 

Riddles Pt. 23 

New Madrid, 13 

Mills Pt. 28 

Columbus, 16 

Mouth of Ohio, 17 

America, 11 

Tennessee R. 36 

Cumberland R. 11 

Rock Cave, 41 

Shawneetown, 20 

Carthage, 19 

Mt. Vernon, 12 

Hendersonville, 22 

Evansville, 11 

Owensburg, 35 

Rockport, 8 

Stephensport, 53 



367 
377 
389 
421 
447 
455 
503 
515 
574 
583 
643 
657 
705 
715 
719 
731 

749 

76] 

767 

778 

804 

824 

847 

860 

888 

904 

921 

932 

968 

979 

1020 

1040 

1059 

1071 

1093 

1104 

1139 

1147 

1200 



Leavenworth, 33 1233 

Northampton, 17 1250 

Louisville, 42 1292 

(For continuation to Cin- 
cinnati, Pittsburg, &c. 
see " LouisviHe.") 



To St. Louis, by 
Beat 
Mouth ofOhio, as a 
Tyawappita B. 
Cape Girardeau, 
Bainbridge, 
Muddy R. 
Kaskaskia R. 
St. Genevieve, 
Chartier I. 
Hercularieum, 
Maramec R. 
Carondelet, 
St. Louis, 



Steam 

hove, 921 
29 950 
13 963 
9 972 
13 985 
31 1016 
17 1033 
11 1044 
19 1063 

11 1074 

12 1086 
6 1092 



To Balize and Gulf of 
Mexico by Steam 
Boat. 

Battle Ground, 5 

English turn, 6 11 

Fort St. Leon, 5 16 

Poverty Pt. 18 34 

Grand Prairie, 27 61 

Fort St. Philip, 9 70 

S. W. Pass, 9 79 

South Pass, 2 81 

Pass a' Loutre, 2 83 

Balize, 4 87 

Gulf, 5 92 

To Nachitochcs, by Steam 
Bout. 

Red River, as above, 208 



80 



ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 



Ouachita, 
Bayou Saline, 
Alexandria, 
Bayou Cane, 
Natchitoches, 



36 244 

20 264 
54 318 

60 378 
24 402 



To Little Rock, by Steam 
Boat. 
Arkansas R. as above, 
Arkansas, 
Harrington's, 
Vaugines 23 667 

Little Rock, 81 748 



574 

27 601 
43 644 



To Mobile by Steam Boat, 
and Stage. 
L. Ponchartrain, by- 
Rail Road, 
'Pt.Aux Herbes, 15 
Ft. Coquilles, 7 
L. Borgne, 
Grand Island, 
St. Josephs Isl 



o 

p -{ W. Marianne, 

E. Marianne, 
^ Cat Island, 

Deer Island, 

Krebsville,Har.l8 107 

Portersville, 16 \'23 
Mobile, by stage, 30 153 



11 
9 
4 
6 
5 
10 
17 



5 

20 
27 
38 
47 
51 
57 
62 
72 
89 



To St. Stephens, by Stage 
Madisonville, 32 

Jacksonville, 40 72 

Leakesville 66 138 

Chickasawhay R. 17 155 
St. Stephens, 24 179 



To Natchez. 
Madisonville, by St. Bi. 32 
IjiheTty, by Stage, 69 lOI 
Natchez, " 50 151 

To Berwick^s Bay and 
thence to Opelousas. 



Donaldsonville, 
Veret Canal, 
S. end Canal, 
Lake Palourde, 
Berwick's Bay, 
Franklin, 
Fausse Pt. 
St. Martinsville, 
Opelousas, 



78 

92 

99 

112 

122 

143 

170 

8 178 

36 214 



14 
7 

13 
10 
21 
27 



To Nashville, by Stage via 

Florence, Ala. 
L. Ponchartrain, 
Madisonville, 



Covington, 

Jacksonville, 

Columbia, 

Ellisville, 

Old Church, 

Koomsha, 

Columbus, 

Pikeville, 

Russelville, 

Florence, 

Lawrenceburg, 

Mt. Pleasant, 

Columbia, 

Franklin, 

Nashville, 



27 

7 

33 



5 

32 
39 

72 



30 102 
48 150 
47 197 
45 242 
68 310 
64 374 
30 404 
22 426 
41 467 

22 489 
11 500 

23 523 
18 541 



N. Philadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.) 




i '^'^^:m^mm~' 






'it- 






js"!'©^' 



''^. 









k ^ 



,B(.<-fe 



ill V^i-f^/: 

1:1:11 -L^-ii1i-n-}^tg 




!' 'i .1, ' 1 1] "-1 ^ R vl 7>-ra:#^ -^ ^ 








,vS^ ^ - 





!rud Sculp. 



2riAa^RA FALLS. 




WJ^ST poi^vr 
Torn uidats 2rontinien.t. 



NEW rORK. 81 

Newport, N. H. (61.) Newtown, Mich. (48.) 

Newport, Ind. (145.) Newtown, N. Y. (80.) 

Newport, R. 1. (111.) Newtown, N. J. (108.) 

Newport, Mo. (162.) Newtown, II. (143.) 

Newport, O. (151.) NewviUe, P. (l3l.) 

Newport, T. (231.) New York, Va. (175.) 
N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.) 

New York, state of, (78), is divided into 56 counties. 
Population in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 
49,000 square, miles. Capital Albany ; metropolis. New 
York ; lat. 40° 43' N. long. 2° 55' E. ; general election at 
such time in October or November, as the legislature 
may provide. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January ; 
Constitution formed, 1821. 

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary, 
$4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, 
pay $6 a day during the session. Legislature — senate con- 
sisling of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one- 
fburtii being chosen annuahy. House of representatives, 
consists of 128 members, elected annually. 

Judiciary. — Court of chancery, one chancellor, $2000 
per annum ; register, &c. The eight circuit judges are vice- 
chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court — 
chief justice, $2,000 a year, and two associate judges, each 
^2,000 per annum. 1 here are eight circuit courts, with 
eight judges, salary of each, ^1,250. Superior court of the 
city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, 
pay of each, 82,500 per annum. 

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of the state is 
greatly diversified ; the Allegheny mountains pass through 
this section about 70 miles above the cily of New York, 
cross the Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east 
direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther 
north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance ; 
these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There 
are mountains of great elevation west of Lake Champlain, 
some of which are 3,000 feet above the lake. The western 
part of the stale is merely undulating, being entirely des- 
titute of such mountains as mark its eastern section. 



8^ NEW YORK. 

Rivers, — Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, 
Susquehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Os- 
wegatchis, Raquette, Saranac, &,c. 

Productions. — Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several 
kinds of grasses, vegetable and fruit. Iron is found in 
great abundance ; gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, and lead 
occur in many places. In the centre of the state, salt is 
made in immense quantities. The mineral springs of 
New York are well known, the chief of which, those at 
Saratoga, are resorted to by people from all quarters. 

Cities and Towns. — New York, (city) ; Albany, the 
capital ; Troy, Utica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hud- 
son, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a 
large number of incorporated villages, and others not incor- 
porated, having names different from their respective town- 
ships. 

Internal Improvements. — Erie Canal, from Albany to 
Buffalo, length 36.3 miles. — Cham.plain Canal, from the 
Erie canal to Whitehall, length 72 miles. — Hudson and 
DelavMre Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the 
mouth of the Laxawaxen, length 82i miles. — Oswego 
Canal, from Salina to Oswego, length 38 miles. — Seneca 
Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva length 20 miles. — 
Chemung Canal, from Elmira to Seneca Lake, length 
31 miles. — Crooked Lake Canal, from the Penyan to 
Seneca Lake 7 miles. — Tonnewanta Canal, from the Erie 
Canal near Wrightsville, to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 
miles. — Harlaem Canal on Manhattan Island, from the 
Hudson to East river, length 1| miles. 

Proposed Canals. — Chenango Canal, from Binghampton 
to Erie Canal, length 93 miles. — Black River Canal, from 
Rome to the falls of Black river, 40 miles. — Sudus canal, 
from Sodus Bay to Seneca River, &-c. &c. 

Rail Roads. — Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, from 
Albyny to Schenectady, 16 miles. — Schenectady Sf Saratoga. 
Rail Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 20 
miles. — Catskill and Canajoharie Rail Road, from Cats- 
kill to Canajoharie, (now in progress,) 70 miles. — Ithaca 
and Owego Rail Road, 29 miles. — Harlcam Rail Road 
on Manhattan island. — Rochester Rail Road, (now in pro 



NEW YORK. 83 

gfess,) from Rochester to a point below the falls of Gene- 
see. — Schenectady and Utica Rail Road, (now in progress,) 
length, 80 miles. — Bath Rail Road, from Bath to Crooked 
Lake, 5 miles. — Rochester and Batavia Rail Raod, (in pro- 
gress,) 28 miles. — Troy and Ballston Rail Rood, (in pro- 
gress) 22 miles. Several other rail roads are proposed in 
various parts of the state. 

New York city, (134.) The commercial emporeum of 
the United States and metropolis of the state of New York, 
is situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East 
rivers ; in N. lat. 40° 42' and E. long. 0° 55' 30" from 
Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the 
population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern 
quarter of Manhattan island, the whole of which,, including 
Harlaem, Yorkville, and some other villages, is under tha 
jurisdiction of the city corporation, and is identical with the 
county of New York. The city, together with the sub- 
urbs just mentioned, containing in 1830 upwards of 30,000 
buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population at this 
time (1836) may be estimated at 278,000. The densely 
settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," has 
an outline of 50,000 feet or 10 miles, nearly. Its princi- 
pal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail busi- 
ness is transacted, Greenwich street. Pearl street, Broad, 
Wall and Chatham streets, the Bowery, Maiden-Lane 
&c. &c. 

The public buildings, and objects of curiosily, are the 
city hall, in the Park, exchange buildings* in Wall street,, 
college, hospital, and Clinton hall, in Broadway, battery, 
castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms- 
house, three theatres, medical college, baths, rooms of the 
National Academy of Design, masonic hall in Broadway, 
house of refuge, orphan's asylum, lunatic asylum, besides 
many others, and about 100 churches, some of which are 
very splendid and capacious. 

The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, 
and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of 
police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at 

* Since the first edition of this work was issued, the Exchange,, 
together with 700 other buildings, have been destroyed by fire. 



84 



NEW YORK. 



and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for 
every part of the United States. 

ROUTES FROM NEW YORK. 



To Alhnnij, by Steam Boat. 



Fort Gansewort, 
Hamilton's Monument 2 



Manhattunville, 3 

Fort Lee, 3 

Spuyten Dayvel Cr. 2 
PliiUipsburg-, 4 

Dobb's Ferry, 6 22 

Tappan Landing-, 3 'J5 

Tarrylown, 1 26 

Nyack, on Tappan sea, 3 2.) 
Sparta, &- State Prison, 3 32 



Tellers Point, 
Haverstravv & Croton, 
Stony Point, 
Verplanks Point, 
Peekskill, 
St. Anthony's nose, 
Fort Clinton 
West Point, 

4 r Crows Nest Mt. 
J J Butler Hill, 

5 j Caldwell, 
•^q Canterbury, 

New Windsor, 

Newburg, West side, ) 

Fiskill landing, E. S. \ 

Hamburg, 

Hampton, 

Barnegat, 

Poukeepsie, 

Hyde Park, 

Pelham, 

Walkill Cr. 



2 
1 
3 
1 

2 
2 
1 

7 

4 
1 
1 
1 

1 

2 

6 
1 
2 
5 
5 
3 
6 



34 
35 
38 
39 
41 
43 
44 
51 

55 
56 

57 
58 

53 

61 

67 

68 
70 
75 
80 
83 
89 



Rhinebeck, 1 90 

Redhook, L. L. 6 96 

Glasgow, 3 99 

Redhook, U. L. 1 100 

Sangerties, 1 101 

Bristol, 1 102 

Catskill, 9 111 

(Tiienee to Pine Orchard, 

14 miles.) 
Hudson and Athens, 
Columbiaville, 
Coxackie, 

Kinderhook Landing, 
New Baltimore, 
Coeymans, 
Schodack, 
Castleton, 
Albany, 
For routes from Albany, 

see article " Albany." 
The stage route from N. 

York to Albany, does 

not differ materially 

from the above. 



5 
5 
3 
1 
5 
2 

2 

1 

10 



116 
121 
124 
125 
130 
132 
134 
135 
145 



To Boston by Steam Boat. 

Newtown Creek, 4 

Hell Gate, 5 9 

Flushing Bay, 4 13 

Frogs Point, 3 16 

Cow Neck, 2 18 

New Rochelle L. 6 24 

West Greenwich, 11 35 

Stamford, 8 43 

Oldwell, 8 51 



NEW YORK. 



85 



Southport, 8 

Black rock, 5 

Stratford Point, 7 

New Haven harb., 12 
(Thence to N. Haven, 

4 n)iles.) 
Falkners Is. 
Hainnionassel Pt., 
Connecticut River, 
New London harb., 
(Thence to N. London, 

4 miles,) 
Fishers Is., 
Point Judith, 
Beaver Tail, (Narra- 

g-anset bay,) 
Nevi^port, 
Bristol Harb., 
Pavvtuxet, 
Providence, 
Boston, (by land,) 



12 

8 

11 

14 



5 

30 

9 
5 

in 

10 

5 

43 



59 
64 
71 

83 



95 
103 
114 

128 



133 
163 

172 
177 

187 
197 
202 
245 



w 



To Plain del phi a, via 

f Castle Williams, 
Bcdlow's Is. 
Kills, 

Rycrs ferry 
c ■{ Newark bay, 

Elizabelhfown pt 
flahwi'ay river, 
Perth An)boy, 
.South Am boy, 
^ fSpotsvvood, 
g I West's, 
Ji ^ Rocky Brook, 
"g I Ccntreville, 

LBordentown, 
(^ \ Bristol, 
rj^ ( Burlington, 



South 




1 


1 


2 


3 


5 


2 


7 


1 


8 


.,4 


12 


4 


16 


9 


2.5 


2 


27 


9 


36 


4 40 1 


8 


48 


4 52 1 


9 


61 


10 


71 


1 


72 



^ S Point no point, 14 86 
} Philadelphia, 5 91 



CO 

To Philadelphia, via New 
Bruvswick, SfC 
Perth Amboy, S. Bt 
New Brunswick, " 
Kingston, 
Princeton, 
w t Trenton, 



bjD 



W S Bordentown, 



12 
14 

3 
10 

6 



25 
37 
51 
54 
64 
70 



Philadelphia, 30 100 



To Philadelphia, by 
Newark, 
Klizabcthtown, 
Railway, 
New Brunswick, 
Kingston, 
Princeton, 
Trenton, 
Bristol, 
Hfolmsburg, 
Fran K ford, 
Philadelphia, 



Stage. 
10 



16 
21 



13 34 

13 47 

3 50 

10 60 



11 

11 

4 



71 
82 
86 
91 



To Boston, Pa. hj Stage. 

Newark, 10 

.Morristown, 19 2,9 

Chester, 13 42 

Schooley's mt. Springs, 8 50 

Mansfield, II 61 

Easton, 15 76 



To Ithaca, 


N. 


Y. 




Newark, 






10 


Pompton, 




21 


31 


Snufftown, 




12 


43 


Deckertown, 




12 


55 


Milford, 




17 


72 



86 



NEW YORK. NIAGARA PALLS. 



Wilsonville, 


24 96 1 


Fairfield, 


3 58 


Rixes Gap, Pa. 


15 111 


Bridgeport, 


4 62 


Montrose, 


34 145 


Stamford, 


4 66 


pi S Owego, 


32 177 


Milford, 


5 71 


p^ ( Ithaca, 


30 207 


New Haven, 


11 82 


To New Haven, 


Conn., 


To Montauk Ft. 


by Stage. 


by Stage 




Jamaica, 


11 


West Cliester, 


15 


Dix Hills, 


18 29 


Mamaronec, 


8 23 


Smithtown, 


11 40 


Rye, 


6 29 


Carman, 


18 58 


West Greenwich, 


2 21 


Morriches, 


10 68 


Stamford, 


7 38 


Quag, 


9 77 


Nor walk. 


9 47 


S. Hampton, 


14 91 


Saugatuck, 


4 51 


B. Hampton, 


7 98 


Southport, 


4 55 


Montauk Ft. 


23 121 



Niagara, U. C. (54.) 

Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and une- 
qualled work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lime-stone 
rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters 
from the great lakes above. Tliis ridge, as it is improperly 
called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the 
basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of 
level being about 334 feet. Tlie elevation of the great cat- 
aract from its brow at the crescent, to the surface of the 
strait is 158 feet, hence it will be seen that the rapids above 
the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls them- 
selves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, 
about a mile above the precipice. 

The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, 
increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments 
the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its trou- 
bled waters. No spectacle can be more sublime, than is 
presented by the great falls, when viewed in connection 
with the rapids above. The high grounds, in the rear of 
Forsyth's hotel, afford such a view. 

In addition to the falls, there are several interesting ob- 
jects in their vicinity, which deserves attention ; among 
them may be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet 



NIAGARA. — NORTH CAROLINA. 



87 



of Chippewa creek; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; 
the bridge and platform at Goat Island; the sorcerer's cave, 
just below the falls ; luineral spring, J mile below ; the battle 
fields of Chippewa, Lundy's lane, and Queenston, Brock's 
monument, Welland canal, and the villages of Chippewa, 
Manchester, Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscarora indians,&c. 

ROUTES FROM NIAGARA. 



To Montreal via Lake Onto- 


To Rochester, by Stage. 


ria, by Steam Boat, Sfc. 


Lewistown, 7 


Queenston, 


6' 


Cambria, 15 22 


Niagara Vil., 


7 13 


Hartland, 11 33 


Toronto, (York,) 


30 43 


Oak Orchard, 14 47 


Port Hope, 


66 109 


Gainesville, 7 54 


Coburg, 


36 145 


Clarkson, 16 69 


Oswego, 


74 219 


Parma, 7 76 


Duck's Isld., 


23 242 


Rochester, 11 87 


Kingston, 


35 277 




Elizabethtown, 


48 325 


To Buffalo, by Stage, Cana- 


Prescot, 


14 339 


da side. 


Hamilton, 


18 357 


Chippewa, 2 


Long Saut I., 


18 375 


Waterloo, 15 17 


Cornwall, 


10 385 


Black rock, 1 18 


Lake St. Francis, 


6 391 


Buffalo, 1 19 


Foot of do. 


22 413 




Coteau du Lac, 


4 417 


To Buffalo, Am, side. 


Les Cedres, 


7 424 


Schlosser, 2 


Cascades, 


7 431 


Tonnewanta, 10 12 


La Chine, 


16 447 


Black rock, 8 20 


Montreal, 


8 455 


Buffalo, 1 21 



Nicholasburg, P. (129.) 
Nicholasville, K. (190.) 
Nickojack, G. (249.) 
Noblesboro, P. (128.) 
Noblesville, Ind. (123.) 
Norfolk, Va. (218.) 
Norridgewock, Me. (40.) 



Norristown,P.(133.) 
Northampton, Mass. (84.) 
Northampton C. H., Va. 

(199.) 
Northfield, Mass. (84.) 
Northwood, N. H. (62.) 
Northumberland, P. (132.) 



North Carolina, state of, (232,) is divided into 65 coun- 
ties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves, 



88 NORTH CAROLINA. 

Area, 49,500 square miles; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, 
Ncvvburn, in N. Lat. 35^06', Long. 0^ 6'. General elec- 
tion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776. 

Government. — Governor, term of office, one year, salary 
$2,000; executive council of 7 members; state treasurer, 
$1,500. Secretary of state, $300 and fees ; attorney gene- 
ral. 

Judiciary. — Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, 
salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each, $2,500, per 
annual. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the 
judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house 
of commons. The members of these bodies are elected an- 
nually by the people. 

Fhysicul Structure. — The state of N. Carolina presents 
almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find im 
mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swatnp, and other alluvions 
matter, but little elevated above their coaimon parent, tbe at- 
lantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and 
heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude 
and number in approaching the western section of the state, 
wiiich is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the 
most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the 
counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &c. 

Rivers. — Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamplico, Neuse, 
Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, 
Broad, &c. 

Productions. — Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, 
pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold. 

Towns. — Raleigh the capital; Newburn, Salisbury, Wil- 
mington, Fayetteville,Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, 
Halifax, Milton, &.c. 

Internal Improvements. — Dismal Swamp Canal, (see 
Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of 
the preceding, it extends from lake Drummond to tiie sum- 
mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. 
North West Canal, connect:;* N. VV. river with the Dismal 
Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the 
commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends 
around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of VVelden and 
Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canaly 



NORTH CAROLINA. OHIO. 89 

extends from the head waters of Clubfoot to those of Har- 
low creek, near Beaufort, length 1 ^ miles. The navigation 
of the Roanoke from the Weldon Canal, to the town of Sa- 
lem in Virginia, a distance of 232 miles, the Cape Fear, the 
Yadkin, the Tar, New, and Catawba rivers, has been 
greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail Roads, 
are projected to extend from Fayetteville to Cape Fear 
river; from Wilmington through Fayetteville and Salis- 
bury to Beattysford on the Catawba, a distance of 250 ms. : 
and several others. (For an account of the Rail Road ex- 
tending from Blakely to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec- 
tively, see Virginia.) 

Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn, (110.) 

Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.) 

Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.) 

O. 

Oakfuskee, Ala. (285.) Oconee R., G. (288.) 

Oakfuscoonene, G, (285.) Ocmulgee R., G. (303.) 

Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. (284.) 

Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) 

Ocklawaha R., F. (329.) Ohio R., Pa. (128.) 

Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.) 

Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties ; popula- 
tion in 1830, 937,903. Area, 39,750 square miles. Capi- 
tal, Columbus ; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 39° 06' N. 
Long. 7° 31', W. General election, second Tuesday in Oc- 
tober. Legislature meets, first Monday in December, Con- 
stitution formed in 1802. 

Government. — Governor, term of office two years, salary 
$1,200; secretary of state ; treasurer, and auditor. Senate 
consists of 36 members, elected biennially; house of repre- 
sentatives consists of 72 members, elected annually. 

Judiciary- — Supreme court consists of a chief judge and 
three associate judges — salary, $1,200 each. Courts of 
Common Pleas. The state is divided into 9 districts, in 
each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and 
two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per 
day, during their attendance at court. 

8* 



90 OHIO. 

All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of 
common pleas are elected by the house of representatives 
for the term of 7 years. The supreme court sits once a 
year in each county, and tJie court of common pleas three 
times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder 
in the first degree. There is no imprisonment for debt, 
except in cases of fraudulent withholding of property. 

Physical Structure. — The eastern part of tlie state which 
borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes 
more level as you advance westward. Along the whole 
course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of 
land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in 
width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially 
in the immediate vicinity of the river, are very high and 
often of quite a mountainous aspect. 

The western half of the state is in general remarkably 
level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much 
so, as tu assume a very monotonous appearance. The cen- 
tral parts of the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio 
river up to lake Erie may be compared, as it regards level 
character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around 
Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which 
is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lan^ 
caster, by the main turnpike road. 

Rivers. — Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, 
Hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, 
Portage, Cuyahaga, Grand, Ashtabula, &c. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, 
garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abun- 
dance. 

Towns. — Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma- 
rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Woosler, Massillon, New Phil- 
adelphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zanesville, Lancaster, Chilli- 
cothe, Circleville, Dayton, Springfield, St. ClairsviIle,HilIs- 
boro, Ravenna, Athens, and many others. 

Internal Improvements. — Ohio and Erie Canal, extends 
from Portsmouth on the Ohio River, to Cleveland on Lake 
Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to 
Dayton, 68 miles, the extension of this canal to the Maumee 
is in progress. Columbus Canal, from the Ohio and Erie 



OHIO* 



PAT 



91 



Canal, to Columbus, 10 mileSi Lancaster Canal, from the 
Ohio and Erie Canal, to Lancaster, 9 miles. 



Ohio and Erie Canal, 

see Ohio, (171.) 
Old Agency, Miss. (282.) 
Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) 
Onslow, N.C. (257.) 
Onslow bay, N. C. (257.) 
Opelousas, Lou. (307.) 
Opiiacloy, F. (.329.) 
Orange, C.H., Va. (175.) 
Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) 
Orwigsburg, P. (132.) 
Osage, Mo. (162.) 
:Osborn,Va. (197.) 
Ossipee, N. H. (62.) 
Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.) 
■Oswego, N. Y. (57.) 
Oswego Ca% see N. Y. (57, 

Painesville, O. (101.) 
Painsville, Va.(196.) 
Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) 
Palatine, N. Y. (59.) 
Palestine, 11. (145.) 
Palestine, Ind. (167.) 
Palermo, Me. (40.) 
Pallachuchee, Ala. (285.) 
Palmyra, Me. (40.) 
Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) 
Palmyra, Mo. (141.) 
Palmyra, Miss. (279.) 
Paoli, Ind. (167.) 
Pamplico Sound, N. C. (238. 
PamplicoR.,N, C. (238.) 
Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) 
Paris, K. (169.) 
Paris, Me. (39.) 
Paris, T. (206.) 



Ottowa, or Grand R., L. C. 

(13.) 
Ottsville, P. (133.) 
Ovid, II. (185.) 
Ovid, N.Y. (80.) 
Owego, N. Y. (80.) 
Ovventon, K. (169.) 
Owenboro,K (187.) 
Owingsville, K. (170.) 
Oxford, N. H. (61.) 
Oxford, N.Y. (81.) 
Oxford, II. (166.) 
Oxford, N. C. (216.) 
Oxford Rail R., see Pa. 

(156.) 
Oyster bay, N. Y. (135.) 




p. 

Parkman, 0.(101.) 
Parker, N.C. (218.) 
Parkers, S.C. (210.) 
Parkers, Miss. (264.) 
Parkersburg, Va. (151.) 
Parrisbville, N. Y. (35.) 
Parryville, II. (164.) 
Parrots, S. C. (254.) 
Parsonfield, Me. (63.) 
Pascagoola R., Miss. (311.) 
Pasgacoola Bay, Miss. (311.) 
Pas Marian, Lou. (3ll.) 
Paterson and Hudson river 
) R.Road.see'N.J.{]34.) 
Patterson, N. Y. (109.) 
Paterson, N. J. (134.) 
Patesville, K. (188.) 
Pattonsburg, Va. (195.) 



92 PAT PENNSYLVANIA. 

Patton, N. C. (236.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.) 
Pawtucket Canal, see Mass. Pembroke, Mass. (86.) 

(85.) Pemmaquid Pt.Me. (64.) 

Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pennsboro, Pa. (106.) 

Pearl R., Miss. (296.) Penobscot R., Me. (20.) 

Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Penobscot Bay, Me. (64.) 

Peedee R., S. C. (255.) Pensacola, F. (312.) 

Peekskill, N. Y. (1 09.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.) 

Pennsylvania, state of, (132,) is divided into 52 counties. 
Population, 1,347,672, including 386 slaves. Area, 47,500 
square miles. Capital, Harrisburg; metropolis, PJiiladel- 
phia, in N. Lat. 39° 57' E. Long. 1° 47'. General election, 
second Tuesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday 
in December. Constitution formed, 1790. 

Government. — Governor — term of office three years, sal- 
ary $4,000; secretary of state ; treasurer; auditor-general; 
surveyor-general ; and attorney -general. 

Legislature. — Senate consists of thirty-three members, 
elected for four years. House of Representatives, one hun- 
dren members, elected annually. 

Judiciary. — There is a supreme court, consisting of a 
chief justice and four associate judges. This court holds 
its courts in five places in the state, which is divided into 
five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided into 
16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of common 
pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and 
two associates from each county. The judges of the 
supreme court receive a salary of 82,000 per annnum ; the 
judges of the common pleas, $1,6U0; and the associates, 
$200. 

Physical Structure. — The Allegheny mountains pass 
obliquely across the central part of the state, ranging, 
generally, from north-east to south-west. The several 
ridges which constitute the system here are known by lo- 
cal name, differing in many cases, from those generally 
adopted by writers on geography. In passing along the 
great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller 
crosses, successively the following ridges: Mine Hill ; South 
Mountain; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill; Tussey's 



PENNSYLVANIA. 93 

Mountain; Dunning-'s Mountain ; Will's Mountain ; Alle- 
gheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Che.snut ridge. The 
Allegheny Mountain is by far the most elevated among the 
group; it is here that the waters which run eastward and 
those flowing into the Oiiio, have their sources. The 
ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else 
than mere steps from the plains below, up to the main 
ridge ; the valleys, as well as the ridges, becoming more and 
more elevated, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some 
of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 feet ; the mean 
altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above 
tide water. 

Islands. — With the exception of a few small islands in 
the Delaware and Susquehanna, there is none witliin the 
borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna, are, Dun- 
can's island, at the mouth of the Juniata ; Hill island, near 
Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some 
others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, 
Pettys, Biles, &.c. Lakes ; — Erie, which borders the N. 
W. part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the 
state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggregations 
of waters, as deserve the name of lakes. 

Rivers. — Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, 
Swatara, Juniata, West branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, 
Conemaugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Yough- 
iogeny, &c. 

Frodvciions. — Wheat, rye,Tndian corn, barley, oats, flax, 
lumber, live stock, iron, &c. &c. 

Cities and Towns. — Philadelphia, the metropolis; Harris- 
burg, the capital; Pittsburg, Erie, Lancaster, York, Read- 
ing, Bethlehem, Easton, Pottsville, Chester, West Chester, 
Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, &c. &c. 

Internal Improvements : — 

State Canals. — Central division, Pennsylvania. Canal, ex- 
tends from Columbia to Holidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles. 
Western division, Fcnnsi/lvania Canal, from Johnstown to 
Pittsburg, length, 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Penn- 
sylvania Canal, extends from the central division on Dun- 
can's island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch 
division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to 



94 PENNSYLVANIA. 

Dunnstown, 65 3-4 miles. North Branch division, Pennsyh 
vania Canal, from Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 60| 
miles. An extension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now 
in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- 
tends from Bristol to Easton, 59 3-4 miles. Fitlsburg and 
Erie Canal, is to extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 
miles of this work is completed. 

Canals constructed by joint stock- companies. — SchityL 
kill Navigation, extends from Philadelphia to Port Carbon, 
108 miles. Union Canal, extends from the Schuylkill near 
Reading to, Middletown on the Susquehanna, 82-08 miles. 
Pine Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles 
in length. Lehigh Navigation, from Easten to Mauch 
Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxen Canal, from M'Carty's 
point to Honesdale, 25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from 
Lancaster to Safe Harbor, on the Susquehanna, 18 miles. 
Codorus Navigation, from York to the Susquehanna, 11 
miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the western abut- 
ment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuylkill, about 
500 yards in length. 

State Rail Roads. — Columbia Rail Road, extends from 
Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 
81-60 miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Holli- 
daysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between 
the central and western divisions of the Pennsylvania ca- 
nal, length 36-69 miles. 

Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies : — 
Mauch Chunk Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal 
mines, 9 miles. Room Run Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk 
to tlie coal mine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon 
Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 
miles. Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to 
Tuscarora, 10 miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 ms. 
Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, 
from Port Carbon to the coal mines, near Mill Creek, 
length, including branches, 7 miles. Mine Hill and Schuyl- 
kill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal 
mines at Mine Hill, length, including 2 branches, 20 ms. 
Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuyl- 
kill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles, 







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PENNSYLVANIA. ♦ 95 

Lackawaxen Rail Road, from Honesdale to Carbondale, 
16g miles. West Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia 
R. R. to West Chester, i) miles. Philadelphia, Gerrnaritoion 
and Norristown Rail Road, (about 7 miles of this road are 
completed, a new rout to Norristown, leaving- Germantown 
to the N. E. has been adopted.) Lykin's Valley R. Road, 
from Broad Mountain to Millersburg. Philadelphia and 
Trenton Rail Road, 26 1-4 miles in length. Central Rail 
Road, from the vicinity of Pottsville to Sunbury, 44-54 ras. 
Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length 51-54. Oxford 
R. Road, now in progress, extends from the Columbia R. R. 
to the Maryland state line. Reading R. R. to extend from 
Norristown to Port Clinton, 

Pennsylvania Canals and Perrysville, T. (227.) 

Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Person C. H.,,N. C. (215.) 

vania, (132.) Petersburg, P. (131.) 

Penyan, N. Y. (79^ Petersburg, P. (153.) 

Peoria, Ind. (119.) Petersburg, P. (155.) 

Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, Ind. (1 66.)] 

Perrysburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Va. (197.) 

Perry, G. (287.) Petersburg and Roanoke 
Perrysville, O. (126.) Rail Road, see Virginia, 

Perrysville, P. (128.) (217.) 

Perrysville, Mo. (185.) Peters T.,. Va. (194.) 

Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of 
Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the 
U. S. Population, 180,000. It is favourably situated be- 
tween the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about five miles 
from the junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city 
proper, or that portion of it which is limited by the Dela- 
ware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west, Vine st. on the 
north, and South or Cedar st. on the south, is under the ju- 
risdiction of the corporation. The adjoining districts have 
each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regu- 
lations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with 
the others, or either of them. These regulations, being 
merely local in their operation, are unimportant in refer- 
ence to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for 
all practical purposes, may be regarded as embracing the 



yo PHILADELPHIA. 

adjoining- districts of Kensington, the Northern Liberties, 
Spring Garden, South wark, Moyaincnsing, &c. 

Tlie densely built parts of the city and districts, have an 
outline olabout 8^ miles. The principal streets of the city 
proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or 
Sassafras, Vine,Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, S,jruce, Lombard, 
South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, &c. up to Thirteenth, 
which is suceeded by Broad street, &C. Those of tlie Nor- 
thern Liberties, are Callovvhili, Noble, Green, Coates, 
Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, Third sts., Old 
York Road, &c. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, 
Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, &c. In 
Spring Garden, are John, Lawrence, Eighth, Ninth, &c. 
Callovvhili, James, Buttonwood, Spring Garden, Wasliing- 
ton streets, Ac. Li Southwark, Shippen, Plum, German, 
Catharine, Queen, Christian, Carpenter, Prime streets, &c. 
And in Moyamensing, Shippen, Fitzwater, Catharine, Tid- 
marsh. Prime, and Federal streets. In addition to tlje above, 
each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of 
which are well built. 

Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near 
tlie city, are: Independence Hall or State-hou-^e, in which 
the various courts are held. Bank of the United Stutes, 
Philadelphia Bank, Theatre, Arcade and Philadelphia Mu- 
seum, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United 
States Mint; all the above are in Chesnut street. Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, in F'ine street; Alms-house, in Blockley 
Township; Orphan's Asylum, in Cherry street; VViUs's 
Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in Race street; Pennsyl- 
vania Institution for the Blind, Thirteenth st.; Orphan's 
(Catholic) Asylum of St. Josephs, in Chesnut street; 
WiJow's Asylum, in Cherry street; Pennsylvania Institu- 
tion for the Deaf and Dutnb, on Broad and Pine streets; 
Merchants' Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Thiid and 
Walnut streets; Custom-house, in Second street; City 
Library, and Philosophical Hall and Athenium, in Fifth 
street near Chesnut; Hall of the Franklin (mechanics') 
Institute, in Seventh street; Academy of Natural Sciences, 
in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; 
Jefferson College, in Tenth street; Musical Fund Hall, in 



PHILADELPHIA. 



97 



Locust street ; Adelphi, in Fifth street ; Washington Hall, 
in Third street; Theatre, in Walnut street; Theatre, in 
Arch street ; Prison, on Arch and Broad streets ; Prison, 
on Passyunk Road ; Eastern Penitentiary, and House of 
Refuge, in Francis street ; P^'air IVIount Water Works, on 
the Schuylkill, N. W, of the State-house ; Marine Asylurn, 
and United States Arsenal, on the Schuylkill, S. W. of the 
State-house ; Navy Yard, on the Delaware ; Friends' Lu- 
natic Asylum, near Frankford ; about 80 churches, 12 
banks; Alms-house, west side of the Schuylkill; Girard 
College, N. W. of the State-house, &.c. &,c. 

ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 



To Pittsburg . 

'Fair Mount, 1 
Viaduct over the 

Schuylkill, 2 3 

Buck Tavern, 8 11 

Spread Eagle, 5 16 

Paoh, 5 21 

Warren, 1 22 

Valley Creek, 7 2.9 

Ph -^ Downingtown, 3 32 

Coatesville, 8 40 

Gap Tavern, 11 51 

Mine ridge, 1 52 

Mill Creek, 5 57 

Soudersburg, 3 60 

Lancaster, 9 69 

Mt. Pleasant, 8 77 

L Columbia, 5 82 

fYork, 11 91 

Abbotstown, 15 108 

Gettysburg, 14 122 
Chambersburg, 25 147 
M'Connelstown,]9 166 

Bedford, 31 197 

Shellsburg, 9 206 

^Stoystown, 19 225 



ifi 



A i Laughlintown, 16 241 
Sc \ Greensburg, 23 264 
^j I Pittsburgh, 32 296 



To Pittsburgh, via Harris 

burg. 
Lancaster, by rail road, 
Mountjoy, by stage, 12 
Middletown, 
Harrisburg, 
Carlisle, 
Stough's T. 
Shippensburgh 
Chambersburgh, 



15 
9 

18 



69 

81 

96 

105 

123 



13 136 



143 

154 



Pittsburg, as above, 147 301 

To Pittsburg, by Pennsyl- 
vanit Rail Road and Ca- 
nal. 
Columbia, as above, 
f Marietta, 
. [ Bainbridge, 
g J Falmouth, 
,rf 1 Middletown, 
^ } Highspire, 

t Harrisburg, 
9 



82 
85 
91 
95 
99 
102 
108 



9S 



ROUTES FBOM PHILADELPHIA. 





^Blue Mt. Gap, 


5 113 


New Berlin, 


n 133 




Port Dauphin, 


3 116 


Millheim, 


25 158 




Duncan's Isd. 


9 125 


Bellefonte, 


21 179 




Newport, 


10 135 


Phillipsburg, 


27 206 




Thorn psontown 


,11 146 


Curwinviile, 


19 225 




Mexico, 


7 153 


Brookville, 


37 262 




Mifflintown, 


4 157 


Shippensville, 


27 289 




Lewistown, 


14 171 


Franklin, 


18 307 


Waynesburg, 


14 185 


Meadville, 


25 332 


O 


Aughwick F's, 


12 197 


Waterford, 


23 355 




Huntingdon, 


17 214 


Erie, 


15 370 




Petersburg, 


7 221 








Alexandria, 


7 228 


To Pottsville, by Schuylkill 




Williamsburg 


12 240 


Canal. 






Frankstown, 


10 250 


Manyunk, 


7 




Hollidaysburg, 


3 253 


Flat Rock, 


1 8 


Johnstown, by R. R 


37 290 


Spring Mills, 


3 11 




'Laurel Hill, 


7 297 


Norrislown, 


5 16 




Lockport, 


10 307 


Phenixville, 


12 28 




Chesnut Hill, 


5 312 


Pottstown, 


15 43 




Blairsville, 


8 320 


Unionville, 


3 46 




Saltzburg, 


16 336 


Birdsboro, 


6 52 


Warrentown, 


12 348 


Reading, 


12 64 


6 


Leechburg, 


10 358 


Hamburg, 


23 87 




Allegheny aqua 


I. 3 361 


Port Clinton, 


4 91 




Logan's Ferry, 


15 376 


Tunnel, 


7 98 




_ Pittsburg, 


18 394 


Schuylkill Haven, 


3 101 






Mount Carbon, 


4 105 


To Erie, Pa. by Stage. 


Pottsville, 


1 106 


Manyunk, 


7 


Port Carbon, 


2 108 


Norristown, 


9 16 






Trap, 


9 25 


To Bethlehem, Pa 


by Stage 


Pottstown, 


10 35 


Sunville, 


3 


Warrensburg, 


5 40 


Germantown,, 


3 & 


Exetertown, 


5 45 


Flowertown, 


5 11 


Reading, 


7 52 


Spring, 


6 17 


Hamburg, 


15 67 


Montgomery, 


4 21 


Orwigsburg, 


11 78 


Lexington, 


4 25 


Potts vi He, 


8 86 


Sellersville, 


7 3a 


Sun 


bury, 


36 122 


Quakertown, 


5 31 



ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 



99 



Fry burg, 
Bethlehem, 



6 43 
8 51 



To Easion, by Stage. 

Shoemakertown, 9 

Jenkintown, 1 10 

Abington, 1 11 

Wiilovvgrove, 2 13 

Newville, 7 20 

Doylestown, 4 24 

Oltsville, 15 39 

Easton, 17 56 



To New York, hy 
Frankford, 
Holmsbufg, 
Bristol, 
Trenton, 
Princeton, 
Kingston, 
New Brunswick, 
Milton, 

Elizabethtown, 
Newark, 
New York, 



Stage. 



4 
11 
11 



5 

9 
20 
31 



10 41 

3 44 

13 57 

13 70 



10 91 



To New York, by Steam Boat 

and Stage. 
Burlington, by S. Boat, 19 
Bristol, do. 1 20 

Bordentown, do. 10 30 
Trenton, do. 6 36 

Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 
New Brunswick, do. 17 63 
Perth Araboy, by S. 

Boat, 12 75 

New York, do. 25 100 



To New York, by Steam Boat 

and Rail Road. 
Bordentown, by S. Boat, 30 
Ccntreville, by Rail R. 9 39 
Spotswood, 16 55 

South Amboy, 9 64 

Perth Amboy, by S. 

Boat, 2 66 

New York, 25 91 



To Baltimore, by Steam Boat 
and Rail Road. 
f Fort Mifflin, 
Lazaretto, 
Chester, 
Marcus Hook, 
Christiana Cr. 
New Castle, 



m 



OQ 



8 
13 

18 
22 
30 
35 

Frenchtown, by R.R. 16 51 
Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120 



To Baltimore, by Stage 
Darby, 
Chester, 
Wilmington, 
Elk ton, 

Havre de Grace, 
Baltimore, 



6 
9 15 

13 28 
20 48 
16 64 
34 98 



To Baltimore, by Steam Boat 

and Canal. 
New Castle, as above, 

by Steam Boat, 35 

Delaware City, 6 41 

St. Georges, by Canal, 5 46 

Deep Cut, do. 4 50 

Bohemia, do. 5 55 
Turkey Point, by S. 

Boat, 10 65 

Baltimore, do. 48 113 



100 



PHI 



PIT 



To Cape May, by Steam 
Boat. 
Delaware Cit}', as above, 41 
Reedy Island, 5 46 

Allaways Creek, 5 51 

Bombay Hook, 12 63 

Egg Island, 17 80 

Light Ho., C. May, 20 100 
Cape Island, 2 102 



To Cape May, by Stage. 

Woodbury, 9 

Jonesboro, 10 19 

Malaga, 10 29 

Millville, 13 42 

Port Elizabeth, 6 48 

Dennis Creek, 14 62 

Goshen, 4 66 



Philadelphia (West) Canal, 
see Pennsylvania, (157.) 

Philadelphia, Germantown 
Sf Norristown Rail Road, 
see Pennsylvania, (133.) 

Philadelphia, K. (188.) 

Phillipsburg, L. C. (16.) 

Phillipsburg, P. (130.) 

Pickensville, S. C. (252.) 

Pickensville, Miss. (280.) 

Picolata, F. (330.) 

Pierces, Ga. {289.) 

Pike, N. Y. (78.) 

Pikeville, K. (192.) 

Pikeville, T. (229.) 

Pikeville, Ala. (246.) 

Piketon,0. (150.) 

Pinckneyvillc, S. C. (253.) 

Pine Blutf, Ark. (-242.) 

Pine Log, Ga. (250.) 



Cape May, C. H. 
Cold Spring, 
Cape Island, 


4 70 
9 79 
9 81 


To Tuckerton, . 
Stage. 
Pensauken Creek 
Hampton, F. 
Washington, 
Tuckerton, 


N. JtT. by 

9 

17 26 

9 35 

14 49 



To Long Branch. 
Bordentown, by S. B. 30 
Allentown, by Stage, 7 37 
Monmouth, do. 18 55 
Eaton, do. 10 65 

Long Branch, do. 4 69 



Pineville, S.C.(273.) 

Pine Grove Rail Road^ see 

Pennsylvania, (132.) 
Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) 
Pinthocco, Ala. (284.) 
Piscataway, Md. (177.) 
Piqua, O. (124.) 
Point au Tremble, L. C. (15.) 
Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (G9.) 
Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.) 
Pt. au Piaye, U. C. (100.) 
Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.) 
P. du Rocher, 11. (163.) 
P. Frederick, Md. (177.) 
Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) 
Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) 
Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) 
Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) 
Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.) 
Pittsfield, Mass. (83.) 



UTTSBURG. 



101 



Pittston, Pa. (107.) 

Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburg was founded 
in 1765 ; and now contains a population of about 34,000 in- 
eluding the adjoining villages of Allegheny, Birmirgham, 
&c. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manu-' 
factures. The public buildings are, a court house, ex- 
change, college, monitorial school house, several hotels, 
museums, U. States and Pittsburg banks, market-house, 
many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various denomi- 
nations. 

ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG. 



To Cincinnati, 0. 


by Steam 


Cincinnati, 


26 449 


Boat. 




(See Cincinnati.) 




Middletovvn, 


11 






Bcavertown, 


18 29 


To Philadelphia, 


hy Stage. 


Fawcetstown, 


19 48 


East Liberty, 


5 


SteubenvUle, 


22 70 


Wilkinsburg, 


3 8 


Wells burg, 


7 77 


Howardsville, 


3 11 


Warrenton, 


B 83 


Stewartsville, 


8 19 


Wheeling, 


8 91 


Adamsburg, 


6 25 


Eliza bethtown, 


13 104 


Greensburg, 


7 32 


Sistersville, 


35 139 


Youngstown, 


10 42 


JN"cwport, 


17 156 


Laughlin, 


13 55 


Marietta, 


16 172 


Stoystown, 


16 71 


Parkersburg, 


13 185 


Bedford, 


28 99 


JBtlville, 


17 202 


M'Connels T. 


31 130 


Latarts rapids. 


30 232 


Chambersburg, 


19 149 


Point Pkasant, 


29 261 


Gettysburg, 


25 174 


Gallipolis, 


3 264 


York, 


29 203 


Ouyandot, 


34 298 


Columbia, 


11 214 


Burlington, 


7 305 


Lancaster^ by R. 


R. 13 227 


Portsmouth^ 


41 346 


Downingtown, 


37 264 


Manchester, 


36 382 


Philadelphia, 


32 296 


Maysville, 


10 392 






Ripley, 


7 399 


To Philadelphia, 


by Canal 


Augusta, 


9 408 


and Rail Road. 


Point Pleasant, 


15 423 

9* 


Allegheny aqued 


uct, 23 



102 PIT 




PORTLAND. 




Blairsville, 


41 74 


Mercer, 




15 60 


Johnstown, by R. R 


30 104 


Georgetown, 




15 75 


' HoUidaysburg, 


37 141 


Meadville, 




15 90 


Huntingdon, 


39 180 


Waterford, 




23 113 


"g J Lewistown, 


43 223 


Erie, 




15 128 


rt I Duncan Island 


46 269 








^ Middletown, 
Columbia, 


26 295 


To Wheeling, 


hy Stage. 


17 302 


Findlaysvilie, 




13 


Philadelphia, R. R. 


82 394 


Washington, 
Martinsburg, 




11 24 
5 29 


To Erie, Pa. hy Stage. 


Claysville, 




4 31 


Woodville, 


18 


W. Alexandria, 




6 39 


Butler, 


9 27 


Wheeling, 




16 55 


Centreville, 


18 45 









Pittboro, N. C. (235.) 
Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.) 
Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.) 
Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) 
Pleasant River Bay, Me. 

(42.) 
Plymouth, N. H. (62.) 
Plymouth, Mass. (112.) 
Plymouth, N. C. (238.) 
Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) 
Pogoi Is., Fl. (328.) 
Point Alderton, Mass. (86.) 
Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.) 



Pompton, N. J. (108.) 
Pontiac, Mich. (73.) 
Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) 
Portage, N. Y. (57.) 
Portage, O. (101.) 
Port Deposit Canal, see 

Maryland, (156.) 
Port Genessee, N. Y. (56.) 
Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.) 
PortBarnet, Pa.(103.) 
Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) 
Port Williams, K. (168.) 
Port Royal, Va. (176.) 



Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population 
of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, 
among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 
churches, 6 banks, &:c. *. 

ROUTES FROM PORTLAND. 



To Boston, by Stage. 




York, 


15 


47 


Saco, 


16 


Portsmouth, 


9 


56 


Kennebunk port, 10 


26 


Hampton falls, 


13 


69 


Wells, 6 


32 


Newburyport, 


9 


78 





PORTLAND. 


lUd 


Bowley, 


5 83 


Eastport, 


15 231 


Topsfield, 


8 91 






Danvers, 


6 97 


To Quebec, by Stage. 


Sangus, 


7 104 


Brunswick, 


27 


Boston, 


10 114 


Bodoinham, 


13 40 






Gardner, 


11 51 


To Boston, via 


Salem^ by 


Hallowell, 


4 55 


Stage. 




Augusta, 


3 58 


Rowley, as above 


83 


Waterville, 


17 75 


Ipswich, 


5 88 


Norridgwock, 


16 91 


Hamilton, 


5 93 


Solon, 


20 111 


Wenham, 


2 95 


Moscow, 


13 124 


Beverly, 


4 99 


Ferry over Kenne- 




Salem, 


3 102 


beck river, 


17 141 


Lynn, 


5 107 


Monument, 


48 189 


Boston, 


10 117 


St. Joseph, 


54 243 






St. Henry, 


28 271 


To Eastport, by Stage. 


Quebec, 


12 283 


Freeport, 


18 






Brunswick, 


9 27 


To Alfred 




Bath, 


7 34 


Buxton 


15 


Wiscasset, 


15 49 


Alfred, 


14 29 


Waldoboro, 


18 67 






Warren, 


9 76 


To White Hills. 


Thornastown, 


4 80 


Stan dish. 


17 


Camden, 


11 91 


Hiram, 


14 31 


Belfast, 


18 109 


Boundary line. 


10 41 


Castine, (by water,) 9 118 


Mt. Washington, 


47 88 


Bluehill 


10 128 






Elsworth, 


14 142 


To Paris 




Franklin, 


12 154 


Windham, 


15 


Cherry field. 


20 174 


Raymond, 


11 26 


Columbia, 


12 186 


Otisfield,, 


11 37 


Machias, 


15 201 


Paris, 


13 50 


Whiting, 


15 216 






Portland. N. Y. 


^77.) 


Portsmouth, N. H. 


(63.) 


Portland, Ala. (283.) 


Portsmouth and 


Roanoke 


Portersville, Ind 


.(167.) 


Rail Road, see 


Va. (218.) 


Ports, S.C. (274.) 


Portsmouth, 0. (171.) 



104 



POT 



Potito F., S. C. (274) 
Potomac, Md. (154.) 
Potomac R., Md. (177.) 
Potomac Navig-ation, see 

Virginia, (155.) 
Potosi, Mo. (184.) 
Potsdam, N. Y. (35.) 
Pottstown, Pa. (133.) 
Potters ville, Pa. (102.) 
Poulieepsie, N. Y. (1.09.) 
Powelton, Ga. (271.) 
Prairie du Chien, Mich. (66.) 
Prairie BlufF, Ala. (283.) 
Prattsville, Md. (154.) 
Prestonburg, K. (192.) 
Prescott, U". C. (34.) 
Presque I,, U. C. (56.) 
Presque Is. Pa. (76.) 



RALEIGH. 

Princeton, N. J. (134.) 
Princeton, Ind. (166.) 
Princeton, K. (187.) 
Princess Anne, Md. (178.) 
Prophetstown, Ind. (122.) 
Providence, R. I. (111.) 
Providence and Norwich 

Rail Road, see R.I. (111.) 
Provincetown, Mass. (86.) 
Prudhomme, Lou. (293.) 
Prunty, Va. (152.) 
Puckna, Ala. (267.) 
Pughtown, Va. (154.) 
Pulaski, T. (227.-) 
Pultneyville, N. Y. (56.) 
Purdy, T. (226.) 
Paris, S. C. (289.) 
Putnam, Ind. (146.) 



Q. 



Quapaw Villages, Ark. (242.) 
Queenstown, xMd. (177.) 
Quincy, Mass. (86.) 



Quincy, II. (141.) 
Quincy, F. (315.) 



R. 

Racoon Spring, K. (191.) Raleigh, T. (225.) 

Reasville, Ga. (271.) 

Raleigh, N. C. (236.) Capital of North Carolina, con- 
tained in 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. The public buildings 
are a state-house, court-house, jail, market-house, theatre, 
two or three banks, 2 churches, &,c. 

ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. 



Tq Richmond, Va. 


by Stage. 


To Edenton, 


by Stage. 


Louisburg, 


35 


Wakefield, 


20 


Warrenton, 


23 58 


Tarboro, 


46 66 


Lawrenceville, 


38 96 


Williamston, 


34 100 


Petersburg, 


50 146 


Jamestown, 


11 111 


Richmond, 


21 167 


Plymouth, 


13 124 






Edenton, 


14 138 



RALEIGH.— READING. 



105 



7b NewburUy by Stage. 


Lit Lynches Cr. 


21 162 


Smithfield, 30 


Camden, 


12 174 


Waynesboro, 24 54 


Columbia, 


32 106 


Kingston, 26 80 






Newbern, 47 127 


To Knoxville, T. 


by Stage. 




Branthys, 


16 


To WilmingtoTij by Stage. 


Pittboro, 


20 36 


Fayetteville, 58 


Ashboro, 


34 70 


Elizabeth, 39 97 


Salisbury, 


32 102 


Wilmington, 61 158 


Statesville, 


27 129 




Morgantown, 


38 167 


To Columbia, S. C. 


Ashville, 


62 229 


Fayetteville, 58 


Warm Springs, 


36 265 


Laurel Hill, 33 91 


Newport, T. 


28 293 


Cheraw, 28 119 


Dandridge, T. 


15 308 


Evans Ford, 22 141 


Knoxville, T, 


32 340 



Raleighs Bay, N. C. (258.) 
Rantales, S. C. (290.) 
Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) 



Ravenna, O. (101.) 
Raymond, Me. (63,) 
Reading, N.Y. (80.) 



Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county^ 
Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of 
a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches^ 
&c. The inhabitants are mostly Germans, or descendants 
of Germans. 

ROUTES FROM READING. 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 

Exetertown, 7 

Warrenburg, 5 12 

Pottstown, 5 1 7 

Trap, 10 27 

Norristown, 9 36 

Manayunk, 9 45 

Philadelphia, 7 52 

To Philadelphia, by Schuyl- 
kill Canal. 
Birdsboro, 12 



Unionville, 

Pottstown, 

Phen xville, 

Norristown, 

Manayunk, 

Philadelphia, 



6 18 
3 21 

15 36 

12 48 

9 57 

7 64 



To Pottsville, by Schuylkill 

Canal. 
Hamburg, 23 

Port Clinton, 4 27 

Schuylkill Haven, 10 37 



106 



REA 



RHODE-ISLAND. 



Pottsville, 
Port Carbon, 



5 42 

2 44 



To Pottsville^ by Stage. 
Maiden Creek 7 

Jiamburg, 8 15 

Port Clinton, 5 20 

Orwigsburg-, 6 26 

Pottsville, 8 34 



15 
10 25 



To Middletown, by Union 

Canal. 
Berneville, 
WomelsdorfJ 
Stouchstown, 
Myerstown, 
Lebanon, 
Tunnel, 
Swatara river, 
Quittapahilla R., 
Middletown, 



8 41 

1 42 

7 49 

11 60 

19 79 



To Lancaster, by Stage. 
Adamstovi^n, 9 

Rearnstown, 5 14 

Ephrata, 4 18 

Lancaster, 13 31 



To Harrisburg, by Stage, 
Sinking Spring, 
Womelsdorf^ 
Myerstown, 
Lebanon, 
Millerstown, 
Palmyra, 
Hummelstown, 
Harrisburg, 



4 
13 
20 
26 
31 
37 
43 
52 



To Easton, by Stage. 
Kutztown, 17 

Trexlerstown, 9 26 

Allentown, 8 34 

Bethlehem, 6 40 

Easton, 10 50 



Reading, O. (148.) 
Red River, Lou. (294.) 
Red Church, Lou. (323.) 
Redheimers, S. C. (273.) 



Reister, Md. (156.) 
Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.) 
Reynoldsburg, T. (207.) 



Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five coun- 
ties. Population in 1830, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square 
miles. Capitals, Providence and Newport ; metropolis. 
Providence, lat. 41° 49' N. long. 5° 28' E. General elec 
tion, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednes- 
day in May, and last Wednesday in October. Date of 
Charter (from Charles II.), 1663. 

Ofiicers of the government for one year : governor, sala- 
ry $400 ; lieutenant-governor, $200 ; secretary of state, 
fees and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney-general, 
fees. 

General Assembly. — ^Senate consists of the governor, 



RHODE ISLAND. 107 

lieutenant-governor, and eight senators. House of repre- 
sentatives consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually. 

Judiciary, — is vested in a supreme court, composed of a 
chief justice ($650 per annum), and two associate judges 
($550 each), and a court of common pleas, composed of five 
judges, for each county of the state. All the judges are 
appointed annually by the general assembly. 

Physical Structure. — No mountains of great elevation 
exist in this state. In the north-west quarter, hills of con- 
siderable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals; the sub- 
stratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which fre- 
quently exhibit themselves, not only on the hills, but in the 
valleys also. These give to this part of the state a ruggid, 
and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters 
may be regarded as level, with slight interruptions occa- 
sioned by low hills : these, however, diminish in number 
and importance as the sea-board is approached, and within 
a few miles of which they terminate altogether. 

Lakes. — Watchogg and Charles in thesouth-west. Paw- 
tuxet and several smaller lakes in the north-west. 

Rivers and 5a?/s.— Narraganset Bay ; Taunton, Paw- 
tucket, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Charles rivers, &c. 

Islands. — Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence, and some 
smaller islands. 

Productions.— Whe^^i, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden 
vegetables, cattle, &c. &c. 

Tbions. —Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, 
Pawtucket, BurrelviUe, Slatersville, Pawtuxet, &-c. 

Internal Improvements. — Blackstone Canal, (see Massa- 
chusetts.) Stonington Rail Road (now in progress), ex- 
tends from Stonington in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 
miles in length. A company has been incorporated to con- 
struct a Rail Road from Providence to Norwich in Con- 
necticut. 

Rhodes, T. (228.) Richland, N. Y. (57.) 

Rhmebeck, N. Y. (109.) Richmond, N. Y. ( 1 34) 

Riceboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. (148.) 

Richardsonville, S. C. (272.) Richmond C. H., Va. (177.) 
Richfield, N. Y. (81.) 



108 



RICHMOND. 



Richmond, Va. (197,) capital and metropolis of Virginia. 
Ft pulation in 1830, 16,085. Public buildings, state house, 
penitentiary, court house, Virginia armory, theatre, and 8 
or 10 handsome churches. 

ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. 



To Noifolk, by Steam Boat. 

Warwick, 7 

Osborn, 10 17 

Eppes Island, 22 39 

Windmill Point, 11 50 

Jamestown, 24 74 

Burrels Bay, 13 87 

Newport News, 15 102 

Craney Island, 9 111 

Norfolk, 6 117 



as 



To Baltimore, hy Steam 
Boat. 
Newport News, 

above, 
Fort Calhoun, 
Old Pt. Comfort, 
New ditto. 
Rappahannoc R. 
Light Boat, 
Cedar Point, 
Sharps Island, 
Herring Bay, 
Thoaias' Point, 
Bodkin Pt. 
North Pt. 
Fort M'Henry, 
Baltimore, 



102 

8 110 

1 111 

23 134 

22 156 

21 177 

32 209 

25 234 

10 244 

12 256 

20 276 

3 279 

7 286 

3 289 



To Washington City, hy 

Stage. 

Hanover, C. H. 19 

Bowlinggreen, 23 42 



Fredericksburg, 

Stafford C.H. 

Aquia, 

Dumfries, 

Occoquan, 

Alexandria, 

Washington, 



22 64 
9 73 
5 78 
9 87 
9 96 
17 113 
9 122 



To Raleigh, N. C. by Stage. 

Petersburg, 21 

Notoway R. 32 53 

Lawrenceville, 18 71 

Roanoke R. 19 90 

Warrenton, 19 109 

Louisburg, 23 132 

Raleigh, 35 167 

To Norfolk, by Stage. 

Petersburg, 21 

Cabin Point, 26 47 

Surry, C.H. 14 61 

Smithfield, 18 79 

Nansemond R. 11 90 

Norfolk, 25 115 



To Knoxville, Ten. by 
Stage. 
Powhatan C. H. 32 

Cumberland C. H. 25 57 

Lynchburg, 56 113 

New London, 11 124 

Liberty, 15 139 

Big Lick, 28 167 



RICHMTOND. 



109 



Salem, 

Christiansburg, 

Nevvbern, 

Evansham, 

Mt. Airy, 

Abingdon, 

Blountsville, 

Kingsport, 

Rogersville, 

Rutledge, 

Knoxville, 



7 174 

27 201 
37 218 

28 246 
15 161 
41 302 
24 326 
17 343 
26 369 

31 400 

32 432 



To Guyandot, via. Warm 
Springs, by Stage. 
Goochland C. H. 29 

Columbia, 19 48 

Monticello, 17 65 

Charlottesville, & 
University of Va. 
York, ' 19 97 

Waynesboro, 6 103 

Staanton, 12 115 

Gap, 17 132 



3 78 



Richmond, K. (190.) 
Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.) 
Ridgeville, Pa. (131.) 
Ridge, S. C. (27-2.) 
R. des Moines, (90.) 
R. St. Croix, Me. (^2l.) 
R. St. Francis, L. C (16.) 
R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33) 
RiverSt.Clair, U.C. (51.) 
River Head, N. Y. (136.) 
Rivers, S. C (272.) 
Roanoke R., Va. (216.) 
Roanoke inlet, N. C. 

(23J.) 
Robbinston, Me. (42.) 
Robertsville, S. C. (289.) 



Warm Springs, 36 168 

Hot do. 5 173 
White Sulphur Sp. 38 211 

Lewisburg, 10 221 

Salt Works, 82 303 

Charleston, 4 307 

Guyandot, 41 348 



To Winchester, 
sonburg, by 
So. Anna R. 
Louisa C. H. 
Gordonsville, 
Barboursville, 
Stannardsvilie, 
Magaughey T. 
Harrisonburg, 
Mt. Pleasant, 
Woodstock, 
Strasburg, 
Newtown, 
Winchester, 



via Harri' 
Stage. 

21 
30 51 
15 66 
6 72 
15 87 
23 110 
11 121 
25 146 
13 159 
11 170 
11 181 
8 189 



Rochester Rail Road, see N. 

York, (56.) 
Rochester and Batavia R. 

Road, see N. York, (56.) 
Roanoke Nnvicrntion, see N. 

Carolina & Va. (216.) 
Room Run Rail Road, see 

Pennsylvania, (133.) 
Reading R. R. see Pa. (133.) 
Rappahannoc Navigation, 

see Virginia, (176.) 
Richmond and Petersburg 

Rail Road^see Va. (197.) 
Richmond and Fredericks- 
burg Rail Road, see Va, 

(197.) 
10 



110 



ROCHESTEE. 



Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufac- 
turing city, in Monroe county, situated on the Genesee 
river, above the great falls, and six miles from its entrance 
into Lake Ontario ; founded in 1812 ; population is about 
16,000. Public buildings, &c. — court house, jail, twelve 
churches, two banks, arcade and observatory, a splendid 
aqueduct, 804 feet long, and five or six excellent hotels, 
bath house, &.c. &c. 

ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER. 



To Albany by 


Erie Canal. 


Tonne wanta. 


10 83 


Pittsford, 


10 


Buffalo, 


12 95 


Palmyra, 


19 29 






Newark, 


8 37 


To Niagara 


( Falls. 


Lyons, 


7 44 


Parma, by ridge 


road, 11 


Clyde, 


9 53 


Clarkson, 


7 18 


Montezuma, 


11 64 


Gainsville, 


15 33 


Jordan, 


15 79 


Oak Orchard, 


7 40 


Syracuse, 


20 99 


Hartland, 


14 54 


Manlius, 


9 108 


Cambria, 


11 66 


Canistota, 


16 124 


Lewistovvn, 


15 81 


Rome, 


21 145 


Niagara Falls, 


6 87 


Utica, 


15 160 






Little Falls, 


22 182 


To Utica. 


Canajoharie, 


19 201 


Pittsford, 


8 


Amsterdam, 


23 224 


Mendon, 


7 15 


Schenectady, 


16 240 


Bloomfield, 


5 20 


Albany, 


28 268 


Canandaigua, 


9 29 




— 


Geneva, 


16 45 


To Buffalo by 


Erie Canal. 


Cayuga 


14 50 


Ogden, 


12 


Auburn, 


9 68 


Adams' Basin, 


3 15 


West Hills, 


21 89 


Brockport, 


5 20 


Lenox, 


26 115 


Holly, 


5 25 


Utica, 


26 141 


Albion, 


10 35 






Wrightsville, 


11 46 


To Buffalo, by Stage. 


Middleport, 


9 55 


Bergen, 


17 


Lockport, 


9 64 


Batavia, 


13 30 


Pendleton, 


9 73 


Pembroke, 


14 44 



ROC 



SAIf 



111 



Ransoms Grove, 
Williamsville, 



8 52 I Buffalo, 
8 60 



10 70 



Rock R., U. (93.) 
Rock Pt., Lou. (279.) 
Rockaway, N. Y. (135.) 
Rock Haven, II. (186.) 
Rockford, N. C. (214.) 
Rockport, Ind. (188.) 
Rockville, Ind. (l45.) 
Rockville, Md. (155.) 
Rockingham, N. C. (235.) 
Rockymount, Va. (215.) 
Rogers, Pa. (106.) 
Rome, N. Y. (58.) 
Rome, N. Y. (108.) 
Rome, Ind. (167.) 
Romney, Va. (154.) 

Saluda Canal, see S. Caro- 
lina, (253.) 

Savannah and Ogechee 
Canal, see Gai. {289.) 

Seneca Canal, see N.Y. (80.) 

Schenectady and Saratoga 
Rail Road, see N.Y. (83.) 

Schenectady and Utica Rail 
Road, see N. Y. (82.) 

Schuylkill Navigation, see 
Pa. (134.) 

Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, 
see Pa. (132.) 

Schuylkill Rail Road, see 
Pa. (132.) 

Schuylkill (Little) Rail Road, 
see Pa. (133.) 

Stonington Rail Road, see 
Rhode Island, (111.) 

Salem Canal, see New Jer- 
sey, (157.) 



Rossville, T. (229.) 
Rotterdam, N.Y. (58.) 
Rouses Point, L. C. (15.) 
Rowlando, (255.) 
Royalton, Vt. (61.) 
Rumford, Me. (39.) 
Rushviile, II. (118.) 
Rushville, Ind. (147.) 
Russel, N. Y. (34.) 
Russelville, K. (208.) 
Russelville, Ala. (247.) 
Rutland, Vt. (61.) 
Rutledge, T.(211.) 
Rutherfordton, N. C. (233.) 
Ryegate, Vt. (37.) 



S. 



South Carolina Rail Road, 

see S. Carolina, (273.) 
Santee Canal, see S. Caro- 
lina, (273.) 
Sabine liake, Lou. (319.) 
Sabine R., Lou. (306.) 
Sacket's Harb., N. Y. (57.) 
Saco, Me. (63.) 
Sagharbor, N. Y. (136.) 
Salem, Mass. (86.) 
Salem, O. (148.) 
Salem N. J. (157.) 
Salisbury, N.H. (62.) 
Salem, 11.(165.) 
Salt Works, II. (121.) 
Salt Licks, Lou. (278.) 
Salt River, Mo. (141.) 
Salubria, N. Y. (80.) 
Saltzburg, Pa. (129.) 
Sandersville, Ga. (288.) 



112 



SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Sandusky Bay, O. (100.) 
Sandusky C, O. (100.) 
Sandwich, U. C. (74.) 
Sandwich, Mass. (Il2.) 
Sandy Point, Mass. (112.) 
Sandy Hook, N. Y. (135.) 
Sandy Hill, N. Y. (60.) 
Sangamo R., II. (144.) 
Sangerfield,N. Y. (81.) 
Santa Rosa L, F. (312.) 



Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.) 
Sautaffe Bay, Fl. (328.) 
San tee R., S. C. (^273.) 
SantillaR.,Ga. (304.) 
Sapelo Sound, Ga. (305.) 
Sauk Village, II. (92.) 
Slate Navigation^ see Vir- 
ginia, (196.) 
Shenandoah Navigation, see 
Virginia, (175.) 



Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of 
these springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Sara- 
toga county, and are about equi-distant from Schnectady and 
Glenn's falls. Every accommodation is afforded the visi- 
ters, by the spacious and elegant hotels, which abound 
here. The most noted of these are. Congress Hall, near 
the Congress Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of 
the village, the Pavillion, near Flat Rock Spring, Union 
Hall, Opposite Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the 
Pavilion, Washington Hall, in the north end of the village, 
together with some other hotels and boarding houses. 
There are also commodious bathing houses, circulating 
library, reading rooms, mineralogical cabinet, &c. &c. 

ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



To Albany, by Rail Road. 
Ballston Spa, 6 

Schnectady, 14 20 

Albany, 16 36 



To Albany, via Waterford. 
Ballston Spa, 6 

Vv^aterford, 12 28 



Troy, 
Albany 



4 32 
6 40 



To Whitehall by Stage. 
Northumberland, 4 

Glenn's falls, and Sandy 

hill, 15 19 

Fort Ann, 10 29 

. Whitehall, 12 41 

Savannah, Ga. (289,) metropolis of Georgia. Population 
in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &c. — exchange, banks, 
academy, several handsome churches, public squares, &.c, 



SAVANNAH. 
ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH. 



118 



To Augusta, by Steam Boat. 
Argyle Island, 7 

Islal. 8 15 

Purisburg-, 16 31 

Beck's Ferry, 5 36 

Ebenezer, 10 46 

Sisters' Ferry 19 65 

Hudson's Ferry, 25 90 
Blanket Point, 5 95 

Brier Creek, 
Burton's Ferry, 
Lower 3 runs. 
Steel Greek, 
Limestone Bluff, 
Dog Ferry, 
Demaries Ferry, 
Gray's Landing-, 
Wallicon's Ferry, 
Augusta, 



16 111 
24 135 

11 146 

12 158 

13 171 
3 174 

11 185 

10 195 

29 224 

7 231 



To Charleston, by Steam 
Boat. 

Fort Jackson, 3 

Elba Island, 5 8 

Long I. 3 U 

Bloody Point, 6 17 

Hilton Head, 18 35 

Trancard's Inlet, 4 39 

Fripp's Inlet, 12 51 

St. Helena Sound, 9 60 

S. Edisto Inlet, 3 63 

N. do. do. 13 76 

Stono Inlet, 14 90 

Coffin I. L. House, 11 101 

Fort Moultrie, 6 107 

Charleston, 4 111 



Savannah R., Ga. (290.) 



To Augusta, by Stage. 
Abercorn, 17 

Ebenezer, 8 25 

Jacksonboro, 45 70 

Augusta, 65 135 



To Milledgeville, by Stage. 


Gr. Ogechee R. 


20 


Statesboro, 


29 49 


Sandersville, 


86 135 


Milled geville. 


28 163 


To St. Mary's, 


by Stage. 


Bryan, old C. H. 


17 


Riceboro, 


17 34 


Barrington, 


20 54 


Buffalo Cr. 


14 68 


SciUa R. 


10 78 


Jefferson, 


20 98 


St. Mary's, 


20 118 



To Darien, by Stage. 
Sunbury, 20 

Sapelo, 16 36 

Darien, 12 48 

To Charleston, by Stage. 
New River, 
Hogtown, 
Coosawhatchie, 
Pocotaligo, 
Parker's Ferry, 
Guerin's Ferry, 
Charleston, 





14 


9 


23 


17 


40 


6 


46 


32 


78 


17 


95 


11 


106 



Schenectady, N. Y. (83.) 
10* 



114 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



Scodic Pt., Me. (41.) 
Seawright, S. C. (273.) 
Sellers, Pa. (133.) 
Selma, Ala. (283.) 
Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.) 
Seneca L., N. Y. (80.) 
Shakers, (61.) 
Shallow Lakes, N. H. (31.) 
Shandecan, N. Y. (82.) 
Sheffield, Mass. (63.) 
Shelby ville, II. (144.) 
Shelby ville, Jnd. (147.) 
Sherbourne,N.Y. (81.) 
Shieldsboro, Miss. (310-) 
Shippensburg-, Pa. (131.) 
Shinersville, Pa. (106.) 
Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.) 
Shorehani, Vt. (60.) 
Shoal R., 11.(118.) 



Shullsburg, Mich. (GG.) 
Sidney, Me. (40.) 
Sistersville, Va.(151.) 
Three Sister's Islands, Mich. 

(99.) 
Skeneatcles, N. Y. (80.) 
Small Pt, Me. (54.) 
Smithport, Pa. (104.) 
Smithfield, Va. (152.) 
Smyrna, Del. (157.) 
Solon, N. Y. (81 .) 
Somerset, Pa. (129.) 
Somerset, O. (150.) 
Somerville, N. J. (134.) 
Sorel, Lou. (322.) 
Sorrel R,, L. C. (15.) 
So. Bend, Ind. (96.) 
Sotos, Lou. (277.) 



South Carolina, state of, (253) ; is divided into 29 dis-. 
tricts. Population in 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 
slaves; area, 31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; 
metropolis, Charleston; lat. 32° 45' N. long. 2° 53' W. 
General election, second Monday in October, biennially. 
Legislature meet, fourth Monday in November ; constitu- 
tion formed 1790, since amended. 

Government. — Governor — term of office two years, 
salary, $3,500, chosen by the general assembly — lieutenant- 
governor, &c. 

Legislature .•—The legislative power is vested in a 
senate having 45 members, clcctjd for four years, one half 
being chosen bienniall}'; and a house of representatives, 
composed of 124 members, elected for two years; these 
bodies are styled the General Assembly. 

Judiciary. — Consists of a court of appeals, composed of 
three judges, who receive $3,500 per annum, each; a court 
of equity, with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom 
receives $3,500 per annum; and a court of general sessions 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 115 

and common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each of 
$3,500 per annum. 

Physical Structure. — The entire sea coast and for several 
miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil 
consists of swamps and marches, insterspersed with ridges 
sufficiently elevated merely to escape submersion, some of 
which are quite inaccessible, and are thus rendered useless. 
After passing the alluvial border, which is marked by the 
great road leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the coun- 
try assumes a more undulating appearance ; the hills in- 
crease in number and magnitude, until they become so 
numerous as to form continuous ridges; these continue ta 
enlarge in proceeding westward, and ultimately form the 
spurs and flanks of the great blue ridge, which here forms 
a part of the boundary of the state. 

Rivers. — Pedee ; Waccamaw ; Little Pedee ; Lynches 
Creek ; Santee ; Wateree ; Catawba ; Congaree ; Broad ; 
Tyger ; Ennoree ; Saluda; Cooper; Ashley; Edisto; 
Combahee, and Savannah. 

Islands. — North L ; Murphey ; Cape Roman ; Bulls ; 
Dewees ; SulUvans ; Holly; Johns; Wadmelaw ; Edisto; 
Reynolds; Hunting; St. Helena; Ladies; Port Royal; 
Hilton Head, &,c. &c. 

Productions. — Cotton, rice tobacco, fruits, &c. &c, 

Tbtons.— Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, 
Camden, Y<jrkville, Spartanburg, Pendleton, Abbeville, 
Edgefield, Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c. 

Internal Improvements. — South Carolina Rail Road, 
commences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of 
Hamburg opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. 
It is proposed to construct a branch to Orangeburg, and 
thence to Columbia, &c. and another to Barnwell C. H. 
Santee Canal connects the harbour of Charleston with the 
Santee, length 22 miles. Winyaw Canal, extends from Win- 
yaw Bay to Kinlock Creek, a branch of Santee river, length 
7-40 miles. The navigation of the Catawba has been im- 
proved by the construction of several small canals. Saluda 
Canal, extends from the head of Saluda shoals to Granby 
Ferry pn the Congaree, 6-20 miles in length. Drehr^s Canal^ 



116 



SPA 



BYB. 



is designed to overcome a fall of 120 feet in Saluda river, 
length 1 1-3 miles. Lorick^s Canal, on Broad river, 1^ 
miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. LockhurVs Canal, in 
Union District, around Lockhart's shoals, in Broad river, 
2 3-4 miles long. 



Spains, Ga. (286.) 
Sparta, Lou. (279.) 
Sparta, Ala. (299.) 
Spencer, N. Y. (80.) 
Spencer, Ind. (146.) 
Spillerp, Lou. (309.) 
Springfield, Mass. (84.) 
Springfield, 11. (143.) 
Springfield, O. (149.) 
Springfield, Lou. (309.) 
Springfield, Va. (154.) 
Springs, Sciiooley's Mt., N. 

J. (124.) 
Squam Beach, N. J. (134.) 
St. Albans, Vt. (36.) 
St. Amaud, L. C. (16.) 
St. Andrew's Bay, Fl. (314.) 
St. Andrew's Sd., Ga. (318.) 
St. Augustine, Fl. (330.) 
St. Catharine's Sound, Ga. 

(305.) 
St. Charles, Mo. (163) 
St. Clairsviile, O. (128.) 
St. Clair, Mich. (74.) 
St. Dennis, L. C, (15.) 
St. Francisville, Lou. (308.) 
St Gabriel, Lou. (308.) 
St. Helena Sound, S. C. 

(290.) 
St. Helena, Lou. (309.) 
St. Joseph's R., Ind. (97.) 
St. Johns's R., Fl. (318.) 
St Louis, Mo. (163.) 



St. Marks, Fl. (315.) 
St. Martins, Lou. (308.) 
St. Mary's R., Ga. (317.) 
St. Mary's, Ga. (318.) 
St.Regis,L.C. (14.) 
St. Simons L, Ga. (305.) 
St.Stephens, Ala. (298.) 
St. Sulpice, L. C. (15.) 
StaflTord, Ct. (110.) 
Statesboro, Ga. (289.) 
Stedham, PI. (314.) 
Sterling, II. (145.) 
Steubenville, O. (128.) 
Stillwater, N. Y. (83.) 
Stoddardsvilie, Pa. (107.) 
Stockbridge, Mass, (83.) 
Stockport, Pa. (107.) 
Stoystown, Pa. (130.) 
Strasburg, Pa. (156.) 
Strawberry Ferry, S. C. 

(274.) 
StuartT., N. H. (38.) 
Sturbridge, Mass. (84 ) 
Sturgeon Pt., N. Y. (77.) 
Sullivans I., S. C. (291.) 
Sunbury,Pa. (1 32.) 
Susquehanna R., Pa. (105.) 
Suwanee R., Ga. (316.) 
Suwanee, Fl. (328.) 
Swansboro, Ga. (288.) 
Sweatz, Lou. (307.) 
Swedesboro, N. J. (157.) 
Syracuse, N. Y. (57.) 



TALLAHASSEE. TENNESSEE. 



117 



Tallapoosa R., Al. (268.) Talbot Ft. U. C. (76.) 

Tallahasse, FI. (315.) Capital of Florida, founded and 
immediately incorporated as a city, in 1825. Population 
about 1500. The public buildings are the capital, some 
churches, &c. 

ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSEE. 



To Pensacola. 


Richardson, 


29 45 


Salubrity, 10 


Suwancc ferry. 


30 75 


Aspalaga, 34 44 


Dells P., 0. 


54 129 


Chipalo, 16 60 


Picolati, 


55 184 


Choctawhatchee R., 47 107 


St. Augustine, 


22 206 


Andersons, 58 1 65 






Pensacola, 37 202 


To Lake lamony. 


9 




To Lake Jackson, 


4 


To St. Augustine. 


To St. Marks, 


21 


Gadsden, 16 







Taylorsville, Va. (214.) 
Taylor, Ga. (289.) 
Tecumseh, Mich. (73.) 
Tolland, Ct. (110.) 
Tennessee R.,T. (206.) 
Tennessee R., Ala. (248.) 



Taney T.,Md. (155.) 
Tappahannock, Va. (198.) 
Tarboro, N. C. (237.) 
Tarleton, O. (150.)^ 
Tatesville,Ala. (299.) 
Tattnall C. H., Ga. (288) 
Taunton, Mass. (111.) 

Tennessee, state of, (226,) is divided into 63 counties. 
Population in 1830, 681,903, including- 141,603 slaves. 
Area 40,200 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Nash- 
ville ; Lat. 36° 07' N. Long. 9° 44' W. General election, 
first Thursday, and Friday in August, biennially. Legis- 
lature meet, third Monday in September every second 
year ; date of constitution 1796. 

Government. — Governer, term of office two years, salary 
$2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a senate 
and house of representatives, styled the General Assembly, 
the members of both are elected biennially, and receive 
each $4 a day during the session of the legislature. 

Judiciary. — The supreme court of errors and appeals 
consists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum. 



118 TENNESSEE. 

two chancellors, $1,500 each. There are eleven circuits, 
and a like number of judges, salary of each |1,300, per 
annum. 

Physical Structure. — The most elevated portion of this 
stale is a ridge of mountains which divides it from the state 
of North Carolina, to which several local names have been 
applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky- 
Bald, and Stone mountains. These several mountains 
form a single ridge of the Alleghenies, which next to the 
blue ridge on the east, is ths most elevated in the series. 
In descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several 
inferior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which 
spurs issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish 
the hydrogaphy of this portion of the state. 

The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the 
country in the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, 
though in a deep valley, is greatly elevated alove the base 
of tide water. 

A fe\Y miles west from and nearly parallel with the Ten- 
nessee the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height, 
and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this 
part of the state. The Cumberland mountain so called 
assumes the appearance, and is in fact an extensive pla- 
teau, elevated probably, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the 
ocean. The mean width of this table-land is not less than 
40 miles ; the western shelf of the Cumberland plateau, 
forms, with the exception of some hills, the last of the nu- 
merous elevations which distinguish the whole of the eas- 
tern part of the state, which is emphatically a " moun- 
tain region." 

Immediately west of the Cumberland, but few hills are 
seen, and the country generally begins to assume a level 
aspect; further west, the surface continues to decline until 
it is again broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects 
the state from south to north; all beyond is comparatively 
level, no elevation deserving the name of mountain, existing 
in the entire space between the Tennessee and Mississippi 
rivers. 

Rivers. — Mississippi, Obion, Forked-deer, Hatchy and 
Wolf, branches of the Mississippi. Tennessee, French- 



TENNESSEE. — TRENTON. 



110 



Broad, Holston, Clinch, Hiwassee, Elk, Duck, &c. branches 
of the Tennessee. Cumberland; Clear Fork, Obeys, Canej, 
and Stones, branches of the Cumberland. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat^ 
corn, cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and Iruits 
of many sorts. 

Towns. — Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton^ 
Rutledge, Newport, Bluntsvillc, &:.c. in east Tennessee. 
Nashville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M'Minnville, 
Fayelteville, &,c. in the Centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, 
Brownsville, Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and 
Keynoldsburg in West Tennessee. 

Internal Improvements. — None yet completed. Naviga- 
ble communication between the waters of the Tennessee 
and those of the Coosa, are contemplated. A Rail Road 
from the town of Randolph on the Mississippi , to Jackson 
in Madison county, 65 miles, and one from Nashville to 
New Orleans, are proposed, and measures for insuring their 
early completion, have been adopted. 



Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) 
Tazwell, T. (211.) 
Tessuntee,N. C. (231.) 
Texes, Mex. (274.) 
Theobald, K. (169.) 
Thomasville, Ga. (316.) 
Thompson, Ct. (111.) 
Thompsons, S. C. (290.) 
Thornton, N. H. (62.) 
Thorntown, Ind. (122.) 
Thurlow, U. C. (32.) 

Trenton, N. J. (134.) Capital of New Jersey. Popula- 
tion about 5000. The public buildings are, a state-house, 
two banks, jail, several large cotton-factories, &.c, 

ROUTES FROM TRENTON. 



Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60.) 
Timballier Bay, Lou. (323.) 
Tioga R., N. Y. (79.) 
Tolosa, Fl. (329.) 
Tombecbee R., Ala. (282.) 
Tomkinsville, K. (209.) 
Towanda, Pa. (106.) 
Towson, Ark. (260.) 
Trenton, Me. (41.) 
Trenton, N.Y. (58.) 



To Philadelphia , by Stage. 
TuUytown, 7 

Bristol, 4 1] 



Holmsburg, 

Frankford, 

Philadelphia^ 



11 22 

4 26 

5 31 



■l^U TRENTON. 


TROY. 




To Philadelphia^ 


by S. Bt. 


To Crosswicks, by Stage. 


Lamberton, 


2 


Bloomsbury, 


1 


Bordentown, 


4 6 


White Horse, 


3 4 


Bristol, 


9 15 


Sand Hills, on C.&. 


A. 


Burlington, 


1 IQ 


l^ail Road, 


2 6 


Bridesburg, 


16 3:2 


Crosswicks, 


3 9 


Philadelpliia, 


3 35 










To New Brunswick, 


by Del- 


To Boston, Pa 


by Stage. 


aioare and Raritan Canal. 


Penington, 


9 


Millham, 


1 


Ringoes, 


10 19 


Williamsburg, 


10 11 


Fletnington, 


6 25 


Kingston, 


3 14 


Pittstovvn, 


9 34 


Rocky Hill, 


2 16 


Hickorytown, 


4 38 


Griggstown, 


2 18 


BJoorasbury, 


5 43 


Blackwells, 


4 22 


Easton, 


8 51 


Millstone, 


3 25 






Bound brook. 


5 30 


To New York, hy Stage. 


New Brunswick, 


7 37 


Princeton, 


10 







Kingston, 


3 13 


To Bordentovm, by Dela- 


New Brunswick, 


13 26 


ware and Raritan Canal. 


Milton, 


13 39 


Bloomsbury, 


1 


Elizabethtown, 


5 44 


Lamberton, 


1 2 


Newark, 


6 50 


Bordentown, 


4 6 


New York, 


10 60 











To Saxtonville, by i 


Canal. 


To New York, hy Stage and 


Yardleyville Ferry, 


5 


Steam Boat. 


Jacobs Creek, 


2 7 


New Brunswick, 


as 


Titusville, 


3 10 


above. 


26 


Belle Mt. 


3 13 


Perth Amboy, 


12 38 


Lanibertville and 




New York, 


25 63 


New Hope, 


3 16 






Prattsville, 


5 21 






Saxtonville, 


3 24 



Trenton, T. (226.) Troupsville, N. Y. (56.) 

Trenton, N. C. (237.) 

Troy, N. Y. (83.) A large and flourishing city, and 
seat of justice for Ranssellaer county. Its population is 
about 15,000 with numerous elegant public buildings and 



TRO 



UNI 



121 



private dwellings. Among the former are four banks, 
seven churches, a court-house, &.c. 

ROUTES FROM TROY. 



To Whitehall^ hy Champlain 


Sandy Hill, 2 r)0 


Canal. 


Kingsbury, 4 54 


Lansingburg, 4 


Fort Ann, 4 58 


Anthony's Kill, 10 14 


Whitehall, 12 70 


Stillwater, 3 17 


(For routes to Montreal, 


JBemis' Heights, 4 21 


Utica, Buffalo, tVc. see 


Fort Miller, 12 43 


" Routes from Albany.") 


Fort Edward, 5 48 





Tannewanta Canal, see N. 

York. 
Troy and Ballston Rail 

Road, see N. York, (83.) 
Troy, O. (124.) 
Troy, Ind. (167.) 
Troy, Ten. (205.) 
Truxtun, N. Y. (80.) 
Truxville, O. (126.) 
Tuckerton, N. J. (158.) 



Tuckersville, Ga. (305.) 
Tulins, Lou. (277.) 
Tunkhannock, Pa. (107.) 
Turner, N.C. (^217.) 
Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.") 
Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.) 
Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.) 
Tuscmnhia Rail Road, see 

Alabama, (246.) 
Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.) 



U. 



Ufallah, Ga. (301.) 
Unadilla, N. Y. (81.) 
Underwood, Ala. (246.) 
Underwoods, Miss. (264.) 
Union, N. Y. (83.) 



Union, Pa. (153.) 
Union Canal, (85.) seeN.H. 
Union, Mo. (163.) 
Union, S. C. (253.) 
Union T., Va. (194.) 



Union Canal, (132) see Pa. Unity, Me. (40.) 

United States of North America, or " America," as they 
are termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, 
Territories and Districts. 

Stales. — Maine; New Hampshire; Vermont; Massa- 
chusetts ; Rhode Island ; Connecticut ; New York ; New 
Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; 
North Carolina; South Carolina; Georgia; Alabama; 
Mississippi ; Louisiana ; Tennessee ; Kentucky ; Missouri:;; 
Illinois; Indiana, and Ohio. 

II 



122 UNITED STATES. 

Territories. — Michigan, Arkansas, and Florida. 

Districts. — Columbia; SJoux; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage ; 
Oz^rk and Huron; which last is attached to Michigan. 

The J3istricts of Oregon, Mandan, Sioux, and Ozark, 
comprehend the entire rcgijn lying west of the states of 
Missouri and Illinois, and the territories of Arkansas and 
Michigan. 

'J'he whole having a population according to the census 
of ld30, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square 
miles. 

(A more detailed account of the States, Sac. will be found 
under the head of each.) 

Capital, Washington, lat. 38° 53' N. Metropolis, New 
York, lat. 40° 43' N. long. 2° 55' E. Congress meet, first 
Monday in December. Date of Constitution, September 
17th, 1787. The elections for President, and members of 
the Senate and House of Representatives are detertnined 
by the state governments respectively, and occur at ditFer- 
ent periods. The president is elected for four years ; the 
members of the senate for six, and those of the House of 
Representatives, for two years. 

Government. — The executive department, consists of a 
President, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, 
$5,000 per annum. Four Secretaries who are respectively 
charged with the duties of the various departments of state, 
the treasury, war, and the navy. Each of the secretaries 
receive a salary of $6,000 per annum ; one post master 
general, $6,000 ; and an attorney general, $3,500. These 
hold their offices at the will of the president. 

Department of State. — The secretary of this branch of 
the government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at 
home and abroad ; negotiates treaties with foreign powers ; 
disseminates the acts of Congress and all treaties ; grants 
passports; has cliarge of the patent office, and of the seal 
of the United States, &. &c. 

The secretary of the treasury, superintends all fiscal 
concerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibi- 
lity, recommends to Congress measures for improving the 
condition of the revenue, and settles all government ac- 
counts, in which he is aided by two comptrollers, five 



UNITED STATES. 123 

anditors, a treasurer and a register. The General Land 
Office is a subordinate branch of this department. 

The secretary of war has the superintendence of mili- 
tary atFuirs generally; the erection of fortifications; of 
making topographical surveys; surveying and leasing the 
national lead mines, and of the intercourse with Indian 
tribes. 

The secret?iry of the navy issues all orders to the navy 
of the United States, and superintends the concerns of the 
navy establishment generally. The board of navy com- 
missioners consisting of three officers of the navy, is at- 
tached to the office of the secretary of the navy. This 
board discharges all the ministerial duties of that office. 

General Post Office. — This department is under the su- 
perintendence of the post master general, who has two 
assistants. The post master general has the sole appoint- 
ment of all the post masters throughout the United States, 
and the direction of every thing relating to this department. 
The Legislature, — consists of a Senate and House of 
Representatives ; meet once every year. The Senate is 
composed of 48 members; two from each state. They are 
chosen by the legislatures of the several states, for the term 
of six years, one-third of them being elected biennially. 

The vice president of the United States is president of the 
Senate. In his absence a president pro tempore is chosen 
by the Senate. 

The House of Representatives is composed of members 
from each of the slates, elected by the people for a term of 
two years. The present number of representatives is 235, 
and three delegates, one from each of the territories. 

The Judiciary. — The Supreme Court consists of a Chief 
Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associ- 
ate justices, who receive annually $4500 each ; one attor- 
ney-general, clerk, marshal, &c. The Supreme Court 
meets once a year, on the second Monday in January. 

Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Superme 
Court, attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or 
more districts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction 
with the judge of the district, compose a Circuit Court, 
which is held in each district of the circuit twice a year. 



124 



UNI 



VANDALIA. 



The District courts are held respectively by the district 
judge alone. They are composed of twenty -eight judges, to 
each of whom a certain district is assigned. Each ot these 
districts embraces an entire state, except those of New 
York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alaban)a, Louisiana, and 
Tennessee, which are divided into two districts each. 

(For information on the physical structure, productions, 
Si.c. of the United States, see the individual states.) 
University, N. C. (235.) Upperville, Va. (155.) 

Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Urbanna, O. (] 25.) 
Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Urbanna, Va. (198.) 
Upper Sandusky, O. (1 25.) Utica, N. Y. (58.) 

V. 
Vacasausa B., Fl. (338.) Vance, G. (250.) 

Vandalia, II. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois. Popu- 
lation, 1,500. 

STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA. 



To Terre Haute. 




To America. 




Ewington, 


31 


Salem, 


25 


Embarras R. 28 


59 


Mt. Vernon, 24 


49 


Terre Haute, 46 


105 


Frankfort, 30 


79 



To St. Louis, Mo. 
Greenville, 

Edwardsville, 33 

St. Louis, 20 



16 
49 
69 



To Vincennes, 

Maysville, 45 

Lawrenceville, 42 87 

Vincennes, 10 97 



To Shawneetown. 
Salem, 25 

Mt. Vernon, 24 49 

M'Leansboro, 30 79 

;Shawneetown, 28 107 



Vienna, 


36 115 


America, 


25 140 


To Kaskaskia. 


Carlyle, 


28 


Covington, 


10 38 


New Nashville, 


8 46 


Kaskaskia, 


40 86 


To Galena. 




Springfield, 


70 


Elk Hart Grove, 


8 78 


Athens, 


10 88 


Pekin, 


40 128 


Little Prairie, 


9 137 


Peoria, 


1 138 


Rock River, 


76 214 


Gelena^ 


63 277 



VERMONT. 125 

Vansville, Md. (156.) Venus, II. (117.) 

Vareens, S. C. (275.) Vergennes, Vt. (36.) 

Varennes, S. C. (252.) Vermillion R., II. (120.) 

Vassalboro, Me. (40.) Vermillion Bay, Fl. (321.) 

Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Po- 
pulation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capi- 
tal, Montpelier. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42° 53' N. 
^ong-. 3° 45' E. General election, first Tuesday in Septem- 
'ber. Legislature meet, second Thursday in October. 
.Constitution formed, 1777. 

Government. — Governor, salary $750 per annum. Lieu- 
tenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, w^ho are all 
.chosen armually. Legislature consists of a single body, a 
house of representatives, the members of which are elected 
annually, and are styled the General Assembly. " 

Judiciary : — consists of a supreme court, having a chief 
justice and four associate judges, and a county court for 
each county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme 
court and two assistant judges, all elected annually by the 
general assembly. A council of censors (13 persons), is 
chosen every seven years, for the purpose of inquiring 
whether the laws have been faithfully executed, &:-c. 

Physical Struclure. — Vermont, as its name implies, is a 
mountainous region. The great Allegheny mountains pass 
through the entire length of the state, separating the waters 
of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Cham- 
plain. A few miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves 
the main ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is 
successively broken by Onion, Lamoelle and Misisque 
rivers. The space intervening between the primary and 
secondary ranges, forms a table-land having a mean alti^ 
tude of not less than 800 feet above the surface of Lake 
Champlain. This plateau, in its turn, supports a multitude 
of hills and mountain peaks, in some places insulated, and 
in others forming continuous ranges of several miles in ex- 
tent. Besides the ridges just mentioned, other mountains 
of great elevation, occur in the south-western part of the 
state, altogether presenting a surface exceedingly rough 
and uneven. 

11* 



126 VERMONT. VIRGINIA. 

Lakes. — Champlain, Memphramagog, Seymour, West- 
more, Trout, Bombazine, &c. 

Rivers. — Connecticut, White, Pasuoisick, Black, Missis- 
que. La Moelle, Onion, Otter, &.c. 

Islands. — North Hero, South Hero, La Motte, &c. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, oats, 
pot and pearl ashes, provisions, &c. 

Towns. — Montpelier, Bennington, Bnrlington, Middle- 
bury, Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fay etteville, 
Vergennes, St. Albans, &.c. &c. 

Internal Improvements. — Bellows Falls Canal, around 
those falls, halt' a mile long. Water quechy Canal. W/iite 
River Canal. All the preceding canals are designed to 
overcome falls in the Connecticut river. 

Vernon, N. Y. (58.) Versailles, K. (1 69.) 

Vernon, O. (102.) Veva v, Ind. ( 1 68.) 

Vernon, N. J. (108.) Vicksburg, Miss. (279.) 

Vernon, Ind. (147.) Victor, K Y. (79.) 

Vernon, T. (2'27.) Vienna, Md. (178.) 

Vernon, Ga. (288.) Vienna, II. (186.) 

Versailles, Ind. (147.) Vincennes, Ind. (166.) 

Virginia, state of, (193,) is divided into 116 counties. 
Population in 1830, 1,211,272, including 469,724 slaves. 
Area, 66,624 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Rich- 
mond. Lat. '37° 32' N. Long. 0° 26' W. Constitution 
amended and adopted in 1830. General election, April. 
Legislature meet, first Monday in December. 

Government. — Governor elected by the General Assembly 
■ — term of office, three years, salary $3,333 1-3. Lieutenant- 
governor, $1,000. Two counselLrs, each $1000. Trea- 
surer and auditor, each $2000. Legislature, styled the 
General Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate and 
house of delegates. The senate consists of 32 members : 
and tlie house of delegates of 134, of whom 31 are elecled 
by the counties in western Virginia. The legislature meets 
annually on the 1st Monday in December, at Richmond, 
the capital of the state. 

Judiciary. — The court of appeals consists of a pretlJent 
with a salary of $2,720, and four other judges, who&r alary 



VIRGINIA. 127 

is $2,500 each. This court holds two sessions annually, 
one at Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg- 
in Grecnbier county, for West Virginia, including all the 
counties west of the blue ridge, commencing on the first 
Monday in July, and continuing ninety days, if business 
requires it. 

General Court. — The state is divided into ten districts 
and twenty circuits. There are twenty judges, — one for 
each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery 
is held twice every year in each county and corporation. 

Physical Structure. — All that portion of the state which 
lies east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Peters- 
burg, &.C. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level 
and but little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are 
constantly, and others occasionally inundated. The coun- 
try which intervenes between that just mentioned and the 
Blue ridge, is much broken, its ascents abrupt and rocky, 
and presents other characteristics of a mountainous region. 
West of the Blue ridge, the entire region consists of a suc- 
cession of elevated ridges, between which, valleys of great 
fertility occur, these, although greatly depressed below the 
summits of the adjacent mountains, are elevated several 
hundred feet above the ocean tides. 

After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is 
much broken by the action of the waters, as they passed 
over the surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus 
formed those deep chasms and ravines, through which the 
streams generally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed 
the mountainous appearance which the western part of the 
state presents. What appears to be mountains, are how- 
ever nothing more than buttresses which support the table- 
land in the rear. The natural geography of the state may 
be thus briefly defined ; in the east, level ; in the centre, 
mountainous ; and in the west, hilly with extensive elevated 
plains. 

Bays and rivers. — Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac, 
south branch of Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannoc, York, 
James, Appomattox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &.c. in the 
east ; Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha 



128 VIRGINIA. 

Elk, Gauley, Greenbrier, New, Guyandot, Sandy, Clinch, 
Holston, &c., in the western part. 

Productions. — Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat, 
tobacco, &c. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in 
the western part of the state, gold is found in Spotsylvania, 
and some of the adjacent counties. 

Towns. — Riiihmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, 
Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsville, Fairfax, War- 
renton, Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchesterj 
Staunton, Harrisonburg, Warm Spiings, Wheeling, Par? 
kersburg, Charleston, Pt. Pleasant, Abington, &,c. in the 
west. 

Internal Improvements. — James River Canal, is merely 
a series of 12 locks, which connects the river with a basin 
at Richmond 80 feet above tide water. From this basin 
proceeds the Richmond Canal, 25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 
2|- miles, when it unites with the river. Three miles fur^ 
ther is a short canal of three locks, around a fall of 34 feet. 
James and Jackson River Canal and Navigation, com- 
rnonces at the basin at Richmond, and extends to Maiden's 
Adventure Falls, 30| miles. Balcony Falls Canal extends 
along the bank of James river, through a gap of the Blue 
ridge, length 6-81 miles. An extension of the James River 
Canal, is now in course of execution. The Roanoke im- 
provement consist of a slack water navigation, and extends 
from the Wddon Canal in N. Carolina to Salem in Vir- 
ginia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rappahannoc, 
Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahela, and Kanawlia rivers, 
have been similarly improved. Dismal Swam-p Canal, ex- 
tends from Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, to 
Joyces Creek, a branch of Pasquotank river of Albemarle 
sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral Canals, one from Lake 
Drummond, 5 miles in length, which in addition to its 
uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a feeder to 
the main trunk; and the other 6 miles long, opens a com- 
munication between the principal canal, and the head 
waters of North West River, — Rail Roads. Manchester 
Rail Road, extends from Manchester to the coal mines, 
length 13 miles. Winchester Rail Road extends from 
Harper's Ferry to Winchester, length 30 miles. Peters- 



VIRGINIA. — WAKM SPRINGS. 129 

burg and Roanoke Rail Road, extends from Petersburg in 
Virginia, to Bkkely at the foot of the Roanoke canal, in N. 
Carohna, length 59-38 miles. A branch from this road 
leaves the main lines about 10 miles from Blakely, which 
extends to the head of the rapids of Roanoke length about 
12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, commences 
at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes in a direct course, 
intersects the Petersburg Road, 6 miles from Blakely and 
terminates in the Roanoke, a short distance below the 
Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe- 
tersburg Rail Road, (now in progress,) length 21-50 miles, 
Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road, (now in pro- 
gress,) length 64 miles. Belleplain Rail Road extends 
from Fredericksburg to Belleplain, situated on a branch of 
the Potomac, (in progress,) length 11 miles. Several other 
Rail Roads are proposed. 

Volina, F. (338.) 

W. 
Wabash and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.) 

Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rail Road, see 

Weldon Canal, see N. Caro- Virginia, (154.) 

lina, (217.) Wabash R., Ind. (122.) 

West Chester Rail Road, see Wabash R., II. (144.) 

Pennsylvania, (133.) Wacanda, Mo. (117.) 

Waterqueche Canal, seeYer- Waddington, N. Y. (34.) 

mont, (61.) Wadesboro, K. (206.) 

White river Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.) 

mont, (61.) Wallace, Lou. (277.) 

Wilmington and Downing- Wallingford, Ct. (110.) 

town Rail Road, see Dela- Walnutgrove, K. (190.) 

ware (157.) Walterboro, S. C. (290.) 

WashingtonCan.al, seeNew Walton, N. Y. (81.) 

Jersey, (134.) Wareboro, Ga. (304.) 

Winyaw Canal, see South Warm Springs, N. C. (132.) 

Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a noted watering place, situ-? 
ated in Bath county on the western declivity of Spring 
mountain. The waters, used chiefly for bathing, are char- 
acterised by a high and uniform degree of temperature, 
(972°,) and the presence of sulpheretic hydrogen, an(J 
carbonic acid gasses. 



4 4H|Mr-- ^ 

130 WASHINGTON. 

Warren, Me. (40.) Washington, N. H. (61.) 

Warren, O. (102.) Washington, Pa. (128.) 

Warren, Pa. (103.) Wai^hington, O. (149.) 

Warren, O. (128.) Washinaton, Ind. (166.) 

Warren, Va. ( 196.) Washington, Va. (175.) 

Warrcnton, Va. (176.) Washington, T. (230.) 

Warrenton, N. C. (216.) Washington, N. C. (237.) 

Warrenton, Ga. (271.) Washington, N. C. (257.) 

Warrenton, Miss. (279.) Washington, Arii. (260.) 

Warwasing, N. Y. (108.) Washington, Ga (27 1 .) 

Warwick, \i. I. (HI.) Washington, Ala. (284.) 

Warwick, Md. (157.) Washington, Miss. (225.) 

Washington, D. C. (176.) Capital of the United States, 
Population, 18,827. 

This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and 
principal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various 
public buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet vi^ide. Penn- 
sylvania avenue, which leads from the Capitol to the Presi- 
dent's house, is the principal place of business, and the great 
promenade of the city. Many of the other streets are wide 
and well built. The greater part of the city plot, however, 
remains unoccupied. 

The public buildings, «&c. are. 1. The capitol, 363 feet 
in length, with an open area containing 22J acres; cost of 
the capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The president's house 
about 1 1-4 mile from the capital. 3. The public offices, four 
in number, in the immediate vicinity of the president's 
house ; these buildings are occupied by the four departments 
of the government. 4. The general post office. The navy 
yard is situated on the eastern branch of the Potomac. In 
addition to the above, which belong to the United States, 
there are many public buildings, erect(;d by the local au- 
thorities of the city and others, among these are ; the city 
hall, Columbia college, catholic college, market house, the- 
atre, several banks, 17 churches, &c. 

ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 

To Balthnore by Stage. I Vansville, 8 14 

Bladensburg, 6 | Elkridge Landing, 15 2U 



WASHINGTON. 



131 



Baltimore 8 37 

To Dover, Del. 

Bladensburg, 6 

Pawtuxet K., 20 26 

Annapolis, 14 40 

Broad O. ( by water,) 1:2 52 

Sharktovvn, 4 56 

Quucnstovvn, 8 64 

Centreville, 7 71 

Georgetown, 25 96 



Dover, 



8 104 



To Point Lookout. 



Welby, 


7 


Piscataway, 


8 15 


Port Tobacco, 


14 29 


Newport, 


13 42 


Chaytico, 


10 52 


Leonard town. 


5 57 


Great Mills, 


]1 68 


St. Inigoes, 


7 75 


Pt. Lookout, 


10 85 


To Richmond, 


Va. 


Alexandria, 


9 


Occoquan, 


17 26 


Dumfries, 


9 35 


Aquia, 


9 44 


Fredericksburg, 


14 58 


Bowlm^green, 


22 80 


Hanover C. H. 


23 103 


Richmond, 


19 122 



To Winchester, Va. 
Alexandria, 9 

Fairfax C H. 14 23 

Aldie, 24 47 

Upperville, 14 61 



Millwood, 
Winchester, 



10 71 

13 84 



To Virginia Springs by 
Stage. 
Alexandria, 9 

Fairfax C. H. 15 24 

Centreville, 8 32 

Bull Run, 3 35 

Buckland Mills, 11 46 
New Baltimore, 4 50 

Warrenton, 6 56 

Lee's sulphur Sp, 6 62 
Jefferson, 3 65 

Fairfax C. H. 12 77 

Cedar Mt. 6 83 

Rapidan, 6 89 

Orange C. H. 7 96 

(Thence to Montpelier, 
seat of Mr. Madison, 
5 miles.) 
Gordonsville, 8 104 

Monticello, 16 120 

Charlotts'.'ille and ) q ioq 

University of Va. ( 
York, 19 142 

VV'^aynesboro, 6 148 

Staunton, 12 160 

Jennings N. Mt. 17 177 
Cloverdale. 12 189 

Green Valley, 11 200 

Warm Springs, 13 213 
Hot Springs 5 218 

Jackson River, 9 ^27 

White Sulphur Sp. 29 256 
(Thence to Sweet Sul- 
phur Sp. 18 miles.) 
Sweet Sulphur Sp. 28 284 
Salt Sulphur Sp. 1 285 



132 



WASHINGTON* 



Red Sulphur Spr. 14 299 
(Sje Warm Spring, Sweet 
Sulphur Springs, &c.) 



To Frederick, Md. 

Simsonville, 7 

Rock villa, 7 14 

Seneca, 7 21 

Middlebrook, 5 26 

Hyattstown, 8 34 

Frederick, 11 45 



To Baltimore, by Steam 
Boat. 

Alexandria, 8 

Mount Vernon, 9 17 

Crane Island, 5 22 

Cook's Ferry, 13 35 

Boyd's Hole, 15 50 



Washitta R., Ark. (241.) 
Washilta R., Lou. (278.) 
Waterford, Me. (39.) 
Waterford, N. Y. r83.) 
Waterford, Pa. (102.) 
Waterford, Pa. (131.) 
Waterford, 0.(151.) 
Waterholes, Miss. (296.) 
Waterloo, Ala. (^246.) 
Watertown, N. Y. (58.) 
Watertown, Ct. (109.) 
W^aynesboro, T. (227.) 
Waynesboro, G. (272.) 
Waynesboro, N. C. (236.) 
Waynesville, N. C (232.) 
Waynesburg, Pa. (152.) 
Wayne, Ind. (97.) 
Wayne, Pa. (133.) 
Weathersford, Ala. (284.) 



Mathew's Point, 
Cedar Pt. 
Washington's Birth 

place, 
Ragged Point, 
Pt. Lookout, 
Patauxent R. 
Sharp's Island, 
Herring Bay, 
Bodkin Pt. 
Baltimore, 



8 58 
7 65 

11 76 

15 91 

16 107 
20 127 
22 149 
10 159 
32 191 
13 204 



To Harper^s Ferry,by Canal. 

Great Falls, 13 

Seneca Creek, 10 23 

Peter's Quarry, 17 40 

Monocacy R. 5 45 

Cotoetin Cr. 12 57 

Harper's Ferry, 12 69 



Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.) 
Webbville, Fl. (314.) 
Well, K. (189.) 
Wellfleet, Mass. (112.)' 
Wellsboro, Pa. (105.) 
Wells, Me. (63.) 
Wells, Pa. (156.) 
Wentworth, N. H. (62.) 
Wentworth, N.C. (215.)- 
Westminister, Vt. (61.) 
Westminister, Md. (156.), 
Westport, Md. (153.) 
West Point, N. Y. (109.), 
Weston, Va. (152.) 
Westville, Miss. (296.) 
West Union, O. (170.) 
W. Chester, Pa. (157.) 
West, N. Y. (57.) 
Weymouth, N.J. (158.), 



WHEELING. 



133 



Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not only important 
as it regards population, but is also a leading point in one 
of the great thoroughfares of this section of the United 
States. Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number 
has increased considerably since that period. The national 
road leading from Cumberland to the western capitols, 
passes through Wheehng; at this point emigrants and 
travellers embark on board of steam boats for every part of 
the western country. 

ROUTES FROM WHEELING. 



To Baltimore^ 


by the Nation- 


To Chillicolhe 




al Road. 




Zanesville, as above, 


80 


W. Alexandri 


al Fa 


16 


Union^ 


9 89 


Claysville, 
Washington, 




6 22 
9 31 


Somerset, 
Rushville, 


9 98 
8 106 


Hillsboro, 




12 43 


Lancaster, 


10 116 


Brownsville, 




11 54 


Tarlton, 


14 130 


Union, 




12 66 


Kingston, 


8 138 


Smythfield, 




21 87 


Chilli cothe. 


12 150 


Mt. Pleasant, 


Md. 


29 116 






Cumberland, 




10 126 


To Wooster, 0. 


Prattsville, 




21 147 


Harrisville, 


13 


Hancock, 




18 165 


Cadiz, 


9 22 


Williamsport, 
Boonsboro, 




27 192 
12 204 


New Philadelphia, 
Dover, on Canal, 


33 55 
3 58 


Frederick, 




16 220 


Paintville, 


18 76 


Baltimore, by 


R.R. 


59 279 


Wooster, 


16 92 


To Columbus, 0. by the 

National Road. 

St. Clairsville,. 10 

Morrislown, 12 22 

Fairview, 12 34 


To Pittsburg. 
Washington, Pa. 
Canonsburg, 
Birmingham, 
Pittsburg, 


31 

7 38 

17 55 

1 56 


Washington, 




14 48 






Cambridge, 
Norwich, 




7 55 
15 70 


To Pittsburg, by Steam 
Boat. 


Zanesville, 




10 80 


Warrenton, 


8'' 


Hebron,. 




27 107 


Wells burg. 


6 14 


Columbus,> 




28 135 J 


Steubenville, 


7 21 



12 



134 



WHITE SULPHUR SPRING. 



Fawcetstown, 


22 43 


Point Pleasant, Va. 


29 170 


Beaver, 


19 62 


Gallipolis, 


3 173 


Economy, 


9 71 


Guyandot, 


34 207 


Middletown, 


9 80 


Burlington, 


7 214 


Pittsburg, 


11 91 


Portsmouth, 


41 255 






Manchester, 


36 2Jl 


To Cincinnati, 


hy S. Boat. 


Maysville, 


10 301 


Elizabethtown, 


13 


Ripley, 


7 308 


Sistersville, 


35 48 


Augusta, 


9 317 


Newport, 


17 65 


Point Pleasant, 0. 


15 332 


Marietta, 


16 81 


Cincinnati, 


26 358 


Parkersburg 


13 94 


(For continuation to N. Or- 


Belville, 


17 HI 


leans, see " Cincinnati." 


Letart's Rapids, 


30 141 







White Apple, Miss. (295.) 
Whitehall, N.Y. (60.) 
WhiteHills,N. H. (38.) 



White Plains, N. Y. (109.) 
While River, Ind. (123.) 
White R., Ark. (201.) 



White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194,) in Greenbrier county 
a place of tkshionable resort during the months of July 
August and September, and the most celebrated among the 
innumerable mineral springs, which abound in the central 
parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul- 
phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at 
night, to a considerable distance around the spring. 



Wickford, R. T. (111.) 
Wilderness, Va. (176.) 
Wilibrd,Ala. (2J8.) 
Wilkesbarrc, Pa. (107.) 
Wilkesviile, N. C.(213.) 
Williamsburg, O. (149.) 
Williamsburg, Va. (198.) 
Williamsburg, 'l\ (20J.) 
Williamsburg, K. (210.) 
Williamsburg, Miss. (297.) 
Williamsboro, N. C (216.) 
Williamsport, la. (105.) 
Williamsport, Ind. (121.) 



Williamston,Vt. (37.) 
Williamston, Mass. (8:3.) 
Williamston, N. C. (237.) 
Williamstown, N. Y. (34.) 
Williams, Ark. (259.) 
Williams, Ala. (311.) 
Williamsport, K. (169.) 
Williston, Vt. (37.) 
Wiilowgrove, Pa. (1.33.) 
Willbtown, Ala. (249.) 
Wilmington, Vt. (84.) 
Wilmington, O. (l26.) 
Wilmington, O. (149.), 



WILMINGTON. 



135 



Wilmington, Del, (157,) the metropolis of the state of 
DL'luwarc. Populaliim in 1^30, 6,62^, is now probably 
8,{)00. ^J'he public buildings are a city hull, two market, 
houses, three banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churches, &c. 
Tiicre are in and about Wilmington, upwards of 100 ex- 
tensive manufactories, chiefly on the Brandywine creek. 
The Brandy wine springs are situated about 5 miles west 
of Wilmington. 

ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON. 



To Philadelphia, by Stage. 
Chester, 13 

Darby, 9 21 

Philadelphia, 6 28 



To Baltimore, by Stage. 



Christiana, 

Elkton, 

Havre de Grace, 

Hartford, 

Gunpowder, 

Baltimore, 



9 

11 20 
16 36 
11 47 
10 57 
15 72 



To Dover, Del. 
New Castle, 5 

Red Lion, 7 12 



Wilsons, Miss. (264.) 
Wiltshire, O. (124.) 
Winchendon, Mass. (84.) 
Winchester, Ct. (109.) 
Win. hester, O. (124.) 
Winchester, Va. (154.) 
Winchester, K. (16c>.) 
Winchester, T. (228.) 
Winchester, Miss. (238.) 
Wind Gap, Pa. (133.) 
Windham, Me. (63.) 
Windham, Ct. (110.) 



St. George's, 

Trap, 

Cantwell's, 

Smyrna, 

Hamsville, 

Dover, 



To Philadelphia, 
Boat. 
Delaware R. 
Marcus Hook, 
Chester, 
Lazaretto, 
Fort Mifflin, 
Gloucester Point, 
Philadelphia, 



3 15 

4 19 

4 23 
10 33 

7 40 

5 45 

hy Steam 



3 

11 
15 
20 
25 
30 
33 



Windsor, Vt. (61.) 
Windsor, Ct.. 110.) 
Windsor, N. C. (237.) 
Winsboro, S. C. (253.) 
Winy aw Bay, S. C. (274.) 
Wiscasset, iVle. (64.) 
Wisconsin R., Mich. (44.) 
Witamky, Fl. (329.) 
Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.) 
Woodbury, N- J. (157.) 
Woodshed, O. (151.) 
Woodstock, Me. (39.) 



136 



woo 



ZA.N 



Woodstock, Vt. (61.) 
Woodstock, Va. (175.) 
Woodvilte, Va. (175.) 
Woodville, Va. (197.) 
Woodville, Miss. (295.) 
Woodville, Lou. (324.) 

Xenia, O. (149.) 

Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) 
Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) 
Yancyville, Va. (196.) 
Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) 
York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) 
York, Me. (63.) 
York, II. (145.) 

Zanesville, O. (150.) 



Wooster,0. (126.) 
Worcester, Mass. (85.) 
Worthington, O. (125.) 
Wyliesburg, Va. (216.) 
Wynton, N. C. (217.) 
Wyoming, Pa. (107.) 



X. 



Y. 



York, Pa. (156.) 
York, Va. (198.) 
York H., P. (132.) 
York R., Va. (198.) 
Yorkville, S. C (253.) 
Youngs, II. (165.) 



Z. 



TABLE OF MONEY. 



137 



OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEY, 

IN 

DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, ESTIMATFD 
IN DOLLARS AND CENTS. 

The fractional parts of the cents are decimals. 



Great Brtain. 


Holland. 




$ cts. 




$ cts. 


Farthing- 


00,46 


Stiver 


01,94 


Penny 


01,85 


Scalin 


11,64 


Groat 


07,40 


Guilder, or Florin 


38,80 


Shilling 


22,'22 


Rix dollar 


97,00 


Crown, or 5 shillings I 


Ducat 


2 07,86 




1 11,16 


Gold Ducat 


8 00,00 


Sovereign, or pound 


4 44,44 






Guinea, 21 shillings 


4 66,66 


Portugal 








Re 


00,12 


France. 




Vinton 


02,50 


Denier 


00,08 


Testoon 


12,50 


Sol, or 12 deniers 


00,92 


Crusade of ex 


50,00 


Livre Tournois, or 




Milre* 


1 25,00 


20 sols 


18,52 


Moidore 


6 00,00 


Ecu, or crown, 6 




Joannese 


8 00,00 


livres 


1 10,00 






Pistole,* 10 livres 


1 85,17 


Italy. 




Louis d'or 


4 44,44 


Soldi 


00,80 


Franc 


18,74 


Chevelet 


03,18 


Five franes 


93,70 


Lire* 


15,93 






Testoon 


23,88 


Spain, 




Croisade 


79,60 


Maravedie* 


00,30 


Pezzo of ex* 


92,60 


Rial 


10,00 


Genouine 


1 36,12 


Pistarine 


20,00 


Pistole 


3 20,00 


Piaster of ex* 


80,00 






Dollar 


1 00,00 


Switzerland. 


Ducat of ex* 


1 10,00 


Fenning 


00,24 


Pistole 


3 60,00 


Cruitzer 


00,92 




1 


2* 





138 



TABLE OP MONEr. 





$ cts. 


Prussia. 




Sol* 


02,77 




$ cts. 


Gulden 


55,55 


Grosh 


00,86 


Rix dollar 


1 00,00 


Coustic 


04,32 






Tinse 


12,96 


Austria. 




Ort 


15,55 


Cruitzer 


00,86 


Florin 


25,92 


Grosh 


03,14 


Rix dollar* 


77,76 


Batzen 


03,44 


Ducat 


2 07,40 


Gould 


51,85 


Frederick d'or 


3 88,80 


Rix dollar 


77,77 






Ducat 


2 07,40 


Russia. 








Altin 


03,00 


Sweden. 




Grievener 


10,00 


Stiver 


00,72 


Polpotin 


25,00 


Copper marc 


02,88 


Poltin 


50,00 


Silver marc 


08,64 


Ruble 


1 00,00 


Copper dollar 


11,52 


Zervonitz 


2 00,00 


Caroline 


25,92 






Rix dollar 


1 03,70 


Turkey. 




Ducat 


2 07,40 


Mangar 


00,28 






Asper* 


01,12 


Denmark. 




Parac 


03,33 


Skilling- 


01,04 


Bestic 


05,55 


Duggen 


06,24 


Estic 


11,11 


Marc* 


16,66 


Solata 


2i?,22 


Rix marc 


20,83 


Piaster* 


88,88 


Rix ort 


25,00 


Caragrouch 


1 11,10 


Crown 


66,C6 


Xeriff 


2 22,20 


Rix dollar 


1 00,00 






Ducat 


8 83,34 







* These are merely nominal, and not represented by 
any real coin. 



IL ZiIST OF miLPSy 

CHARTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS, 

Recently publis'ied, and for sale by H. S. TANNER, 
Geographer and Map Publisher, Shakspeare Buildings, 
Philadelphia. 

No. 

1. A new American Atlas, containing Maps of the several 
States of the North American Union, projected and drawn 
on a uniform scale of fifteen miles to the inch. Price of 
the work in half binding, . . . $30 00 

2. The same, with the Maps mounted on rollers and var- 
nished, . . . . . 45 00 

3. The same, omitting the Maps of the World and quar- 
ters, and reserving all those relating to North and South 
America, the States, &c. Price in half binding, 25 00 

4. The same as the preceding, omitting the Map of South 
America, and the Geographical Memoir, and reserving all 
the Maps relating to the continent of North America, in- 
eluding the State Maps. Price . . 20 00 

5 Atlas of the United States. Price, half bound, 8 00 

6. The same pasted on pasteboards. Price 10 00 

7. A new general Atlas, consisting of imperial sheet 
Maps of the World, 2 sheets ; World on Mercator's pro- 
jection, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, North America, 
South America, 2 sheets ; United States, Mexico, and British 
possessions. Price . . . 10 00 

8. A new College Atlas, consisting of a series of General 
Maps of the various grand divisions of the known world, 
imperial folio. Price, half bound, . 5 00 

9. The same as in the preceding, with the Maps pasted on 
thick pasteboards and varnished, for the use of schools 
Price 7 50 

10. Atlas of Ancient Geography, designed to illustrate the 
works of the ancient writers, both sacred and profane, 16 
select Maps on imperial quarto. Price, half bound, 3 00 

11. A new Map of North America, on four sheets, em- 
bracing all the recent discoveries of Ross, Parry, Franklin, 
Long, &c. &CC. Price, mounted on rollers or in a portable 
form, . . . . . 8 00 



140 Maps, Charts S^c, 

12. A 4 sheet Map of Europe, improved to 1836, 8 00 

13. Ditto Asia, ditto. 8 00 

14. Ditto Africa, ditto. 8 00 
I.'). A new Map of South America, in 2 sheets, 4 00 
The Maps numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, are usually 

sold together ; they form a set on which is delineated the 
entire surface of the earth, and form as complete a body 
of geographical information on the known world, as the 
existin£r state of knowledge will admit. 

IG. Map of the World on the Globular projection, two 
sheets. Price, on rollers and varnished, . 3 00 

17. A new Map of the United States of Mexico, with 
numerous tables. Prire in pocket case, . 150 

18. The Traveller's Guide, or Map of the Roads, Canals, 
and Railway routes of the United States. Price, in pocket 
case, ..... 75 

19. Map of the existing and Contemplated Canals of the 
State of Pennsylvania. Price . . 1 25 

20. Map of the New England States, for travellers in 
pocket case, . . . . 1 00 

21. Map of the State of New York, ditto. 100 

22. Do. States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 
for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 OU 

23. Mapof the States of Ohio and Indiaua, do. do. 1 00 

24. Ditto. Virginia, Maryland &. Delaware, 
for travellers,'in pocket case, . . 1 00 

25. Maps of the Sts. of Kentucky & Tennessee, do. 1 00 

26. Ditto. North & S. Carolina, do. do. 1 00 

27. Ditto. Georgia & Alabama, do. do. 1 00 

28. Ditto. Louisiana & iMississippi, do. 1 00 

29. Ditto. Ilhnois & Missouri, do. do. 1 00 
fiO. Map of the territory of Florida, do. do 1 00 
The same Maps are put up separately on muslin, in a 

portable case. Price each, . . 2 00 

31. Chart of the World on Mercator's projection, one 
large sheet, . . . . 1 00 

32. Map of Europe, one large sheet, . 1 00 

33. Map of Asia, ditto . . 1 00 

34. Map of Africa, ditto . . 100 

35. Map of America, ditto . . 100 



Maps, Charts, <^£, 141 

'36. The four preceding- Maps pasted together on 1 sheet 
-of convas and rollers, suitable for schools. Price 5 50 

37. Map of North America, one large sheet, 1 00 

38. Map of the United States, medium sheet, 50 

39. Map of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfound- 
land, &c. .... 1 00 

40. Chart of Delaware Bay, two sheets, 1 00 

41. Dissected Maps of the World, 1 large sheet, 2 50 

42. Ditto Europe, ditto. 2 50 

43. Ditto Asia, ditto. 2 50 

44. Ditto Africa, ditto, 2 50 

45. Ditto United States, ditto. 2 00 
45. The Mariner's Atmospherical Register or Weather- 
Book, . . . . . 2 50 

47. A general outline of the U. States, with plates, 2 50 

48. Atlas of Outline Maps, of the World and Quarters, 
the set, . . . . . 50 

49. School Atlas, consisting of the World, Quarters, and 
United States, . . . . 50 

50. A Geological Survey of the environs of Philadelphia, 
with a Map coloured geologically. Price . 63 

51. Map of the country 15 miles round Philadelphia, with 
the roads, public houses, &c. in a pocket case, 50 

52. Maps of the World, Europe, Asia, Africa Si, America, 
mounted on rollers and varnished, suitable for counting- 
houses, schools, (tec. Price each $1 50, or the set 7 00 

53. Map of Schuylkill county. Pa. on a scale of two miles 
to the inch. Price • . . 1 00 

53. The Stranger's Guide to the public buildings, places 
of amusement, streets, lanes, alleys, wharves, principal 
hotels, steam-boat landings, stage offices, &c. in the city of 
Philadelphia and adjoining Districts, . 1 00 

55. A new and authentic Map ofColumbia, with its de- 
partments and provinces, constructed principally from the 
manuscript maps drawn at Bogota by order of the Colum- 
bian government. Price on rollers or in portable form, 5 00 

Same printed on bank note paper, in pocket case, 3 50 

56. A View of the United States — historical, geographi- 
cal and statistical, exhibiting, in a convenient form, the 
natural and artificial features of the several states, and em- 



142 Maps, Charts, <^c, 

bracing those leading brandies of history and statistics, 
best adapted to developc the present condition of the North 
American Union; illustrated with Maps, &c. by William 
Darby, forming an 18mo book of 600 pages, with 14 maps. 
Price . . . . . 2 50 

57. A new Pocket Atlas, of the United States, the Maps, 
drawn on an uniform scale, with the distances from place to 
place, Price 
58.Mapof the state of Pe 
59. Drawing Book. No. 



60. 


Diito 


61. 


Ditto 


62. 


Ditio 


63. 


Dit^o 


64. 


Ditto 


6^ 


Ditto 


66. 


Ditto 


67. 


Ditto 


68. 


Ditto 


6y. 


Ditto 





• 


1 35 


ms 


ylvania. 


38 


1. 


Human Figure. Price 


38 


2. 


Landscapes, 


25 


3. 


Shipping, 


38 


4. 


Landscapes, 


38 


5. 


The same coloured. 


50 


6. 


Flowers, 


38 


7. 


Flowers, 


38 


8. 


Flowers, 


38 


9, 


Flowers, 


38 


0. 


Roses, 


38 



Ditto containing 8 sheets of Flowers col'd, 1 00 

70. A new and elegant Map of the United States, on a 

scale of 30 miles to the inch — 5 feet 4 inches long, and 4 

feet 2 inches high. Price of the map, on rollers or in a 

portable form, . . . . 8 00 

Ditto in pocket case, . . 6 50 

This map contains the following supplementary maps 

plnns, (Sec. 

1 Plan of the city of Boston. 

2 of New York. 



5 of Washington. 

6 of Charleston. 



3 of Philadelphia. 7 of New Orleans. 

4 of Baltimore. 
8 Map of the environs of Boston. 

Albany, Saratoga, &c. 
New York and New Brunswick. 
Philadelphia and Trenton. 
Baltimore and Washington. 
Savannah, Georgia. 
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

15 General Map of Oregon and Manden Districts, 

16 Chart of the outlet of Oregon river. 



9 


of 


10 


of 


11 


of 


12 


of 


13 


of 


14 


of 



19 


of 


20 


of 


21 


of 


22 


of 


23 


of 


24 


of 


25 


of 


26 


of 


27 


of 


2S 


of 


29 


of 


30 


of 


3i 


of 



Maps, Charts, Sj^c, 143 

17 South Part of Florida. 

18 Trofile of the Grand Portage, Maine. 
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. 
Dismal Swamp Canal. 
Florida Canal. 
Erie Canal. 
Ohio Canal. 
Morris Canal 
Union Canal 
Schuylkill Navigation. 
Pennsylvania Canal, 
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 
Massachusetls Rail Road. 
Columbia Rail Road. 
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. 

32 Statistical Table of the Western Districts. 

33 of United States, cxhibiling tlie 
Area, Capital, Metropolis, with its latitude, longitude, and 
population ; date of constitution ; time ot t-tuted inetling of 
the Lesislature ; day of general election ; population of 
1830, of each state and territory in the Union. 

71. Memoirs on the recent Surveys, Observations and 
Internal Improvements in tiie United Stales, witlj bi ir: no- 
tices of the new counties, towns, villages, caiiuis and rail 
roads, never before dehneated. By H. S. Tanner, iutend- 
ed to accompany his new map of the United S.atus. 
Price. . . . . 1 UO 

72. Map of the United States, including the VVcstLTii 
Dictricts. Price . . . . 75 

73. Print. View of Mount Vernon, . 50 

74. The same colourtd, . . 75 

75. Atlas of the state of South Carolina, containing maps 
of the several districts drawn on a unilorm scale ot 2 miles 
to the inch. .... 12 UQ 

76. The same maps put in a portable form, at a price 
from $3 50 to $1 50 each. 

77. Map of the state of South Carolina on four sheet?, 
drawn and published in conformity to the la.w of the 
State. . . . , . 5 OJ 

78. A view of West Florida, embracing its geogra[)iiy, 
topograp.iy, &c. with an appendix treating of its antiqui- 



144 Maps, Charts, <^c, 

tie«, land titles, and proposed canals, with maps, by J. Lt 
Williams. Price , . . . 2 00 

79. Map of the western part of Florida, extending from 
Mobile bay to the Suwannee river, both inclusive, in pocket 
case, . . . . . 1 00 

80. A map of the state of New Jersey, with parts of the 
adjoining States, engraved on three sheets, by Thomas Gor.^ 
don. Improved to 1833. Mounted on rollers or in a por- 
able form. Price, . . . 8 00 

81. Plan of the city of Pittsburg and adjacent country* 
Price, in pocket case, . . . 1 00 

82. Map of Northampton and Lehigh counties, Pa. on 
roller?, . . . . . 2 00 

83. The same in pocket case, . . 1 50 
84r Map of Montgomery county, Penn. on rollers, 1 5Q 

85. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00 

86. Map of Bucks county, Penn. on Rollers, 1 75 

87. The same in pocket case, . . 1 25 

88. Map of Luzerne county, Penn. on rollers, 2 00 

89. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 50 

90. Map of Chester county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 

91. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 25 

92. Map of Huntingdon county Penn. on rollers, 2 00 
93, The same in a pocket case . . 1 50 

94. Map of Somerset county Penn, on rollers, 2 00 

95. The same in a pocket case,. . . 1 50 

96. Map of Dauphin and Lebanon counties, Penn. 

on rollers, . . . . . 1 75 

97. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 25 

98. Map of Philadelphia county, Penn. on rollers 1 75 

99. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 25 
The above county maps are projected on a uniform scale 

of two and a half miles to an inch, 

100. Map of the Mexican province of Texas, on one 
large sheety complied by S. F. Austin, , 1 00 

101. The same in a pocket case, . , 1 50 

102. The Traveller's Pocket Map of New York, 38 

103. Ditto ditto Pennsylvania, 38 
103. Ditto ditto Virginia, 38, 
104 Ditto ditto North Carolina, 33' 



Wl"? 



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